雅思OGtest7听力第四段音频第一题正确答案为religion(s) ，第二题正确答案为nature
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Question 31
答案：religion(s)
定位原文：also sometimes a feature of plays and festivals where their chief purpose was related to religion.
解题思路：这个填空题的上级标题是13th-16th centuries，确定了这道题的答案定位范围。also sometimes a feature of plays and festivals提示下文即将说明在剧中和庆祝中会有什么，定位到where their chief purpose was related to religion。Their use was mainly to do with是对their chief purpose was related to 的同义转述。to do with和be related to都有“与…有关”的意思。religion，宗教;chief，主要的。
Question 32
答案：nature
定位原文：Technicians were employed to stage spectacular shows which displayed aspects of nature, with representations of the sun, snow and rain.
解题思路：Technicians were employed to stage spectacular shows，提示下文即将说明烟花秀会展示什么特点，定位到aspects of nature, with representations of the sun, snow and rain。fireworks displays是对spectacular shows的同义转述;various features是对aspects的同义转述。
Question 33
答案：flight
定位原文：Humans might be able to achieve flight - a dream of many scientists at the time.
解题思路：After seeing one firework display where a model of a dragon was propelled along a rope by rockets , scientists thought that in a similar way，提示下文将列举科学家的观点。定位到humans might be able to achieve flight - a dream of many scientists at the time。make sth. possible是对be able to achieve的同义转述。propel，推进;rocket，火箭;achieve，实现。
Question 34
答案：stars
定位原文：…and it occurred to him that fireworks might provide an effective way of demonstrating how stars were formed.
解题思路：Other scientists, such as the chemist Robert Boyle, noticed how in displays one firework might actually light another, 提示下文将讨论科学家的另外一个想法。定位到and it occurred to him that fireworks might provide an effective way of demonstrating how stars were formed。investigate，调查，研究;chemist，化学家;occur to sb.，被想到，出现在头脑中;demonstrate，证明;form，形成。
Question 35
答案：practical
定位原文：Later in the century scientists and technicians started to look at the practical purposes for which fireworks might be employed, such as using rockets to help sailors.
解题思路：In London in the middle of the 17th century there was general distrust of fireworks among scientists，注意Scientists were distrustful at first是对这句话的同义转述，所以这句话出现了，就是提示下文将说到科学家后来做的事情，定位到later in the century… to help sailors。investigated是对look at的同义转述;uses是对be employed的同义转述。distrust，不信任;employ，在此句中是“使用”之意;sailor，水手。
Question 36
答案：education
定位原文：those in power regarded fireworks as being an important element in the education of the masses.
解题思路：the St Petersburg Academy of Science played a key role in creating fireworks displays for the court，提示下文即将谈论到在St Petersburg烟火被如何看待，定位到those in power regarded fireworks as being an important element in the education of the masses。see as是对regard…as的同义转述，都是“看作”的意思。Academy of Science的意思是“科学院”;those in power的意思是“那些有权力的人”;element，元素;education of the masses的意思是“教育大众”;court，法庭，。
Question 37
答案：king
定位原文：Instead, the fireworks and the spectacle they created were all designed to encourage the public to believe in the supreme authority of king.
解题思路：Instead, the fireworks and the spectacle they created were all designed to，提示下文将提到在烟火在巴黎的第一个作用。定位到紧随其后的encourage the public to believe in the supreme authority of king。emphasize是对encourage的同义转述;power是对authority的同义转述。emphasize，强调;spectacle，奇观;supreme，最高的，至高的;authority，权威。
Question 38
答案：entertainment
定位原文：The purpose of scientists was basically to offer entertainment to fashionable society, and academicians delighted in amazing audiences with demonstrations of the universal laws of nature.
解题思路：The purpose of scientists was basically to…，提示下文即将说明科学家致力于达到什么目的。定位到offer entertainment to fashionable society, and academicians delighted in amazing audiences with demonstrations of the universal laws of nature。aimed to 是对the purpose was to的同义转述;provide是对offer的同义转述，都是“提供”之意。basically，基本上，主要;entertainment，娱乐;fashionable society，上流社会;academician，院士;delight in，高兴，以…为乐;amaze，使人惊讶赞叹;the universal laws of nature，自然界的基本规律。
Question 39
答案：opera
定位原文：A fireworks display staged by Servandoni would be structured in the same way as an opera.
解题思路：The architect and stage designer Giovanni Servandoni composed grand displays in Paris，提示下文即将谈到Servandoni’s 焰火表演的模式，定位到A fireworks display staged by Servandoni would be structured in the same way as an opera。followed the same pattern as是对be structured in the same way as的同义转述。architect，建筑师;pattern，模式;structure，作动词是“构成，排列”的意思，作名词是“结构”的意思;opera，戏曲，歌剧。
Question 40
答案：electricity
定位原文：As in the previous century, fireworks provided resources for demonstrating scientific laws and theories, as well as new discoveries, and displays now showed a fascinated public the curious phenomenon of electricity.
解题思路：As these specialists…, including the growing middle classes，注意在题目中，the appeal of fireworks extended to middle classes是对这句话的同义转述，提示下文将会谈到18世纪烟火的最后一个特点，定位到紧随其后的As in the previous century, …phenomenon of electricity。注意这句话now showed a fascinated public是一个省略结构的定语从句作定语，完整结构是which is now showed a fascinated public。specialist，专家;sought是seek的过去时，seek，寻找，追求。
听力原文：You will hear a part of a lecture about the history of fireworks in Europe. First, you have some time to look at Questions 31 to 40.
Now listen carefully and answer Questions 31 to 40.
An interesting aspect of fireworks is that their history tells us a lot about the changing roles of scientists and technicians in Europe. Fireworks were introduced from China in the 13[th] century. Up to the 16th century they were generally used for military purposes, with rockets and fire tubes being thrown at the enemy, but they were also sometimes a feature of plays and festivals where their chief purpose was related to religion. By the 17th century, the rulers of Europe had started using fireworks as a way of marking royal occasions. Technicians were employed to stage spectacular shows which displayed aspects of nature, with representations of the sun, snow and rain. These shows were designed for the enjoyment of the nobility and to impress ordinary people. But fireworks also aroused the interest of scientists, who started to think of new uses for them. After seeing one firework display where a model of a dragon was propelled along a rope by rockets, scientists thought that in a similar way, humans might be able to achieve flight - a dream of many scientists at the time. Other scientists, such as the chemist Robert Boyle, noticed how in displays one firework might actually light another, and it occurred to him that fireworks might provide an effective way of demonstrating how stars were formed.
Scientists at the time often depended on the royal courts for patronage, but there was considerable variation in the relationships between the courts and scientists in different countries. This was reflected in attitudes towards firework sand the purposes for which they were used. In London in the middle of the 17th century there was general distrust of fireworks among scientists. However, later in the century scientists and technicians started to look at the practical purposes for which fireworks might be employed, such as using rockets to help sailors establish their position at sea.
It was a different story in Russia, where the St Petersburg Academy of Science played a key role in creating fireworks displays for the court. Here, those in power regarded fireworks as being an important element in the education of the masses, and the displays often included a scientific message. Members of the Academy hoped that this might encourage the Royal Family to keep the Academy open at a time when many in the government were considering closing it.
In Paris, the situation was different again. The Paris Academy of Sciences played no role in staging fireworks displays.
Instead the task fell to members of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. As in Russia, the work of the technicians who created the fireworks was given little attention. Instead, the fireworks and the spectacle they created were all designed to encourage the public to believe in the supreme authority of the king. However, science was also enormously popular among the French nobility, and fashionable society flocked to demonstrations such as Nicolas Lemery's display representing an erupting volcano. The purpose of scientists was basically to offer entertainment to fashionable society, and academicians delighted in amazing audiences with demonstrations of the universal laws of nature.
In the course of the 18th century, the circulation of skills and technical exchange led to further developments. Fireworks specialists from Italy began to travel around Europe staging displays for many of the European courts. The architect and stage designer Giovanni Servandoni composed grand displays in Paris, featuring colourfully painted temples and triumphal arches. A fireworks display staged by Servandoni would be structured in the same way as an opera, and was even divided into separate acts. Italian fireworks specialists were also invited to perform in London, St Petersburg and Moscow.
As these specialists circulated around Europe, they sought to exploit the appeal of fireworks for a wider audience, including the growing middle classes. As in the previous century, fireworks provided resources for demonstrating scientific laws and theories, as well as new discoveries, and display snow showed a fascinated public the curious phenomenon of electricity. By the mid-18th century, fireworks were being soldfor private consumption.
So the history of fireworks shows us the diverse relationships which existed between scientists, technicians and the rest of society...
