TPO 32
Conversation 1
1.What is the conversation mainly about?
A. Reasons that the man wants to sell his textbook.
B. How to find out which books are on the buyback list.
C. The bookstore's policies for buying back textbooks from students.
D. The student's deadline for selling old textbooks.
【答案】
C. The bookstore's policies for buying back textbooks from students.
【解析】
原文中student一开始“I need to sell back a textbook.”阐明了学生的需求，后文与书店工作人员的交流全都是围绕如何sell back该学生的课本，因此答案选C，即书店的buy back规定。
2. According to the woman, when are textbooks added to the buyback list?
A. After students have registered for the next semester's classes.
B. After professors receive student evaluations of textbooks.
C. After professors inform the bookstore what textbooks they will use the
following semester.
D. After the bookstore determines what price to charge.
【答案】
C. After professors inform the bookstore what textbooks they will use the following semester.
【解析】
女人的转折词 BUT 引导答案: But we are still putting the list together. Professors have to tell us what books they’ll definitely need again next semester, and the deadline for them to let us know isn’t for a couple of days. 学生想知道他的课本何时会进入buy back的书单，而工作人员则指出只有当教授告知他们新学期所需课本，才能确定新加入的书本。
3. According to the woman, what is a reason the man's textbook may not be added to the buyback list?
A. The bookstore may already have ordered too many copies of the textbook.
B. The price of the textbook may have changed significantly since last semester.
C. Professor Murphy may not be teaching economics next semester.
D. A newer edition of the textbook may be available next semester.
【答案】
D. A newer edition of the textbook may be available next semester.
【解析】
Usually if an updated edition of a textbook is available, professors will go for that one. 工作人员解释如果有更新的版本，教授会要新版书，而学生的旧课本就不会被回购。
4. What does the woman suggest the man should do to have the best chance of selling his book to the bookstore? Click on 2 answers
A. Ask his professor if the same book will be used next semester.
B. Sell the book back as soon as the buyback period begins.
C. Make sure the book is in good condition.
D. Bring the original sales receipt with the book.
【答案】
B. Sell the book back as soon as the buyback period begins.
C. Make sure the book is in good condition.
【解析】
本题是双选题,答案有两个出处。
第一处：If professor Murphy does put it on the list, it is important that you come in as early as possible next Thursday. There’s only a limited number of books we should buy back. Once we get the number of books we need for next semester, we would stop buying them. 也就是说一旦开始了buyback，学生要尽快带书去书店，因为回购的数量有限，买够就不会再收书。
第二处：But that also depends on what condition the book is in, so it needs to be cleaned up as much as possible. 书店购书，除了数量的限制，也对书本的新旧有要求，“condition”是关键词，要保存完好。
5. Why does the woman say this? (listen again)
A. To confirm that cleaning up the book is important.
B. To suggest it might be easier to sell the book to another student
C. To indicate that she sets the price the bookstore will pay for books
D. To acknowledge that the man's book is in good shape
【答案】
A. To confirm that cleaning up the book is important.
【解析】
重听部分是:If you want the best price for it... 此话是补充学生提问的You mean I have to erase all the pencil marks? 店员的答案是想要强调书本保持干净的重要性。
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Lecture 1
6. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. The history of archaeology in Africa
B. Traditional methods of archaeological research
C. Controversial new archaeological findings
D. The study of archaeology in Southeast Asia
【答案】
C. Controversial new archaeological findings
【解析】
本文采用开门见山的说法，教授一开始就道出主题：One of the important aspects of the field of archaeology ... one of the things that excites me about the field... is that seemingly insignificant things can suddenly change the way we think about a culture. We are always making new discoveries that have the potential to challenge widely held beliefs. 后面就进入了本节lecture主要讨论的考古发现，“discoveries in Uganda, that’s in Eastern Africa, are throwing that into question”.
7. What excites the professor about the field of archaeology?
A. Established theories can be challenged by new evidence.
B. The technology used in archaeology is always improving.
C. Archaeology deals with basic issues of human societies.
D. Archaeologists often work in interesting parts of the world.
【答案】
A.Established theories can be challenged by new evidence.
【解析】
这一题还是要找回开头的那就句：One of the things that excites me about the field is that seemingly insignificant things can suddenly change the way we think about a culture. 这一句直接指向答案A.
8. According to the professor, what can scientists learn by examining ancient phytoliths?
A. The nutrients a plant took in.
B. The age of a certain sediment layer.
C. What a plant was used for.
D. What type of plant produced them.
【答案】
D. What type of plant produced them.
【解析】首先在前文提出了一个重要 term——phytoliths, 并作出了解释。后来开始强调其重要性: Because different plants produce differently shaped phytoliths, scientists can identify the type of plant from ancient remains. 这一句解释了通过exam ancient phytoliths，科学家们可以得到哪些信息——produce是关键词。
9. What are the implications of the theory that bananas arrived in Africa 5,000 years ago? (click on 2 answers)
A. Agriculture developed in Africa earlier than previously assumed.
B. Contact between Africa and Asia occurred earlier than previously assumed.
C. People have inhabited Southeast Asia longer than previously assumed.
D. The banana plant is a more ancient plant than was previously assumed.
【答案】
A. Agriculture developed in Africa earlier than previously assumed.
B. Contact between Africa and Asia occurred earlier than previously assumed.
【解析】转折词：But, well, this discovery had other implications for history. 这是一句总起句，也呼应了问题中的关键词“implications”。紧接着，教授说：As soon as bananas appear in the archaeological record, we know we have contact between Africa and Southeast Asia. It would appear now that his contact occurred much earlier than previously thought. (2’54’’) 这一点对应了答案B。教授首先用语气词：Um 来表示一 个话题点的结束，然后是：The early appearance of bananas also suggests 中的 also 表示另一个并列重点的开始，that agriculture began in this part of Africa earlier than scientists imagined. 这一点对应了答案A。
10. What does the professor consider a weakness of the study on bananas in Africa?
A. It did not produce accurate data.
B. Its results are of little importance.
C. Its conclusions are not supported by other studies.
D. It does not make good use of advanced technology.
【答案】
C. Its conclusions are not supported by other studies.
【解析】
教授用 BUT 进行转折，But, there are questions about this too. 表达对之前的理论的质疑。并且随后教授提出疑问：If bananas were grown thousands of years ago, why don’t we see evidence of large populations thriving in the area earlier? 我们为什么没有看到别的证据。然后教授说So we are left with this mystery. But we are missing other kinds of evidence that would conclusively prove that this is so. 而答案C是这一句的paraphrase。
11. Why does the professor say this? (listen again)
A. To announce her intentions to continue the study herself.
B. To encourage her students to do archaeological research.
C. To discredit the recent research on bananas and phytoliths.
D. To highlight the university's reputation in archaeology.
【答案】
B. To encourage her students to do archaeological research.
【解析】重听部分：Clearly, more research needs to be done. Perhaps by some new scholars from this university? At least give it some thought. 教授这句话的意思是暗示学生今后不妨考虑一下这方面的研究。
Lecture 2
12. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Ways species in an ecosystem affect each other's population size
B. How the carrying capacity of an ecosystem is determined
C. A new theory regarding cycles in predator and prey population sizes
D. How researchers monitor the population size of animal species in the wild
【答案】
A. Ways species in an ecosystem affect each other's population size
【解析】
学生提出一个问题：I’d like to ask about something I read in an article online, about how the population size of some animal species can affect other animal species, and how other environmental factors come into play too. 教授对这个问题的回答是：Right. Relationships between animal species in a given ecosystem can get pretty complex. Because in addition to predator-prey relationship, there are other variables that affect population size. 回答的最后一句就是解题点。
13. Why does the professor mention nonnative species?
A. To show that some species cannot be transplanted easily to new environments
B. To give an example of rapid population growth that is not followed by decline
C. To emphasize that species with rapidly growing populations harm ecosystem
D. To introduce a study on the changing population size of certain species
【答案】
B. To give an example of rapid population growth that is not followed by decline
【解析】
在女生提出一个 boom and bust cycle 的概念之后，教授进行了一下补充。Let’s say there was a species that had access to plenty of food and ideal conditions. Under those circumstances, its population would increase at an ever-accelerating pace. 在男生发出感叹之后， 她继续解释, it doesn’t usually happen... But we do occasionally see exponential growth in nonnative species when they are transplanted into a new environment. 提出nonnative species就是为了给出一个例子来说明这种不同寻常的指数增长并不会跟随着减少。
14. What point does the professor make when she discusses the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
A. The availability of food is more important for species than the availability of space.
B. The amount of environmental resistance in an ecosystem does not change over time.
C. Environmental resistance controls the population size of species in an ecosystem.
D. The population size of most species increases at a constant rate.
【答案】
C. Environmental resistance controls the population size of species in an ecosystem.
【解析】
教授用 BUT 转折回到男生说的观点，But for most species, most of the time, resources are finite. There’s only so much available ... which leads me to my point. Every ecosystem has what we call a carrying capacity. 教授开始阐述自己的观点，即生态环境的承载容量是会限制物种的最大数量的。There are always factors that limit population growth. This is called environmental resistance. 这些限制因素就成为：环境抵抗因素。
15. How did the researchers test the links between acorns, white-footed mice, and gypsy moths in a forest?
A. They supplied an additional food source for gypsy moths.
B. They introduced gypsy moths to areas where there had been none.
C. They cleared oak trees from some areas where both animal species lived.
D. They manipulated the numbers of mice and acorns in some areas.
【答案】
D. They manipulated the numbers of mice and acorns in some areas.
【解析】
男生对教授说的例子提出疑问：How can we know that for sure? It seems like a big jump from more acorns to fewer gypsy moths. 于是教授解释:… In some parts of the forest, they had volunteers drop a large number of extra acorns on the forest floor. And in another section of the forest, they remove a number of white-footed mice.答案是对这两个点的总结，即通过控制数量来进行测试。
16. What does the professor say can lead to a change in the gypsy moth population in a forest? (click on 2 answers)
A. An increase in the number of tree species in a forest.
B. An increase in the number of acorns produced by oak trees.
C. A decrease in the population of white-footed mice.
D. A decrease in oak tree leaves caused by gypsy moth caterpillars.
【答案】
B. An increase in the number of acorns produced by oak trees.
C. A decrease in the population of white-footed mice.
【解析】
(原文中)In the forest areas where extra acorns had been dropped, the gypsy moth population soon went into a significant decline. But in the section of the forest where the white-footed mice had been removed, the gypsy moth population exploded. 这里讲了两个点，橡子和白脚鼠的数量变化会引发舞毒蛾的数量的变化。
17. What can be inferred about the professor when she says this? (listen again)
A. She does not know the answer to the student's question.
B. She wants to correct a statement she made earlier.
C. She thinks the term the student used is incorrect.
D. She would like to redirect the discussion.
【答案】
D. She would like to redirect the discussion.
【解析】
重听部分：OK. Well, hold on a second. First I want to go over some key concepts.在女生提出一个概念之后，教授说，等一下，首先我想重新复习一些重要概念。言外之意是想重新引导这次讨论。
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Conversation 2
1. What do the speakers mainly discuss? (click on 2 answers)
A. How the man should narrow the focus of his paper.
B. Whether a focus on wood harvesting is an appropriate topic for the man's paper.
C. Why the man became interested in wood harvesting techniques.
D. Why different ancient cultures used different wood harvesting techniques.
【答案】
B. Whether a focus on wood harvesting is an appropriate topic for the man’s paper.
C. Why the man became interested in wood harvesting techniques.
【解析】
对话以寒暄开始。教授问学生 field trip to the Nature Centre 如，学生回答非常好。 并引出本次谈话的重要话题： And actually, yesterday’s trip got me thinking about my research paper for your class. ..That’s what I’d like to write about. I want to look at ancient methods of wood harvesting that didn’t result in the destruction of the whole forest. 后面的整个对话都是教授对学生能否选择这个话题提出的一些建议，直到对话最后，教授说：Then we can talk about whether or not your topic will work. 所以，整个对话是在讨论选题是否可行以及为何对选题感兴趣。
2. Why does the man mention pursuing an advanced degree in forestry?
A. To explain why his biology class interests him so much
B. To ask the professor to write a letter of recommendation for him
C. To get the professor’s opinion on his choice of careers
D. To indicate he is not interested in anthropology
【答案】
A.To explain why his biology class interests him so much
【解析】
(原文中) I am interested in getting an advanced degree in forestry after I graduate from here. So I love all this stuff. 学生提及他想继续攻读一个林学学位，从而说明了他对这个专业的喜爱。
3. What had the man assumed about human impact on the environment?
A. That human impact on the environment is difficult to measure
B. That humans have only recently had an impact on the environment
C. That human impact on the environment is always harmful
D. That human impact on the environment cannot be avoided
【答案】
C. That human impact on the environment is always harmful
【解析】
(原文中) And I just assumed that the human impact on the environment was always destructive. 同义词：destructive 和 harmful。
4. According to the professor, what did researchers find at an archaeological site in Turkey?
A. Remains of pistachios and almonds in ancient vessels
B. Tools indicating that there was farming in the region
C. Evidence that people cut down trees for use as fuel
D. Evidence that people harvested branches from trees
【答案】
D. Evidence that people harvested branches from trees
【解析】
(原文中)I was just reading an article about an archaeological site in Turkey where scientists found evidence that ancient people had been harvesting the branches from pistachio and almond trees. 教授提到一篇文章关于古土耳其的考古遗址中研究者发现古代人们砍伐树木的树枝的证据，几乎是原话。
5. What opinion does the professor express when she says this: (listen again)
A.That the topic is too controversial to be the focus of the man's paper
B.That too many papers have already been written on the topic
C.That the topic does not seem to meet the requirements of the assignment
D.That there has not yet been any research published on the topic
【答案】
C. That the topic does not seem to meet the requirements of the assignment
【解析】
重听部分：Hmm... So you want to write your entire paper on wood harvesting? 这句话中教授的语气是解题重点，从教授的语气中可以提出质疑。言外之意就是整篇论文写这个题目是不合适的。
Lecture 3
6. What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The environmental effects of heap roasting
B.The reforestation efforts in the Copper Basin
C.The process of mining and producing copper
D.Damages caused during an attempt to clean up industrial waste
【答案】
A.The environmental effects of heap roasting
【解析】
(原文中) But...anyway...let’s analyze the problem. It was not the mining itself that caused such massive destruction. It was what happened after the copper ore was extracted from the mines. It was a process called heap roasting. 教授从一开始先介绍讲座要涉及的重要话题 Copper Basin. 然后介绍了一些 Copper Basin 的来源。然后用转折词 BUT 来引出这次讲座的主题。
7. What is the professor's opinion about the effort to reclaim the land in the Copper Basin?
A. The techniques and materials used for the cleanup were probably outdated.
B. Some attempts to clean up the Copper Basin have made the problems worse.
C. It is not surprising that cleaning up the area has been extremely difficult.
D. The cleanup has taken longer than necessary.
【答案】
C. It is not surprising that cleaning up the area has been extremely difficult.
【解析】
(原文中)Well, actually, those efforts are still ongoing. It’s been a long and tedious process. In fact, it was many years before any results were seen. Copper mining had gone on there for more than 90 years! The damage couldn’t be reversed overnight. 教授用 well 这个语气助词开始讲述他的观点,这个铜矿进行了 90 多年，造成的破坏是不可能一夜之间就被扭转的——对应extremely difficult。
8. What does the professor imply when he mentions an Olympic whitewater kayaking competition?
A. That many people are unaware of the environmental problems in the Copper Basin
B. That a successful reclamation of the Copper Basin may be possible
C. That some activities in the Copper Basin must go on despite the pollution
D. That the Olympic competition should have been held in a different location
【答案】
B. That a successful reclamation of the Copper Basin may be possible
【解析】
(原文中)Although I should mention that by 1996, the water in one of the rivers flowing through the basin was clean enough that it was the site of the Olympic whitewater kayaking competition. And that river is still used now for recreation.教授在前面谈到这个 Copper Basin 是很难修复的，然后他用though这个转折词表示态度的转变，他提到有非常干净的水可以用做皮艇漂流比赛，其意图在于表达这个地方还是有救的。
9. According to the lecture, why was heap roasting used in the producing of copper?
A. To make copper ore easier to transport
B. To make copper ore safe for workers to handle
C. To transform copper ore into fuel
D. To remove impurities from copper ore
【答案】
D. To remove impurities from copper ore
【解析】
(原文中)Copper ore contains sulfur. And heap roasting was a way to burn away the sulfur in the copper, so they’d be left with something closer to pure copper. 这个过程就是去除铜当中的杂质从而得到pure copper。
10.What factors led to the disappearance of trees in the Copper Basin? (click on 2 answers)
A. Mines were dug under areas where trees were growing.
B. Loose soil led to trees being washed into the rivers.
C. Trees growing near the mines were cut and used as fuel.
D. Clouds of sulfur smoke killed trees in the area.
【答案】
C. Trees growing near the mines were cut and used as fuel.
D. Clouds of sulfur smoke killed trees in the area.
【解析】
Well, let’s look at the results. 这句是主旨句,引出后面的分论点。第一点First, ...So they cut down trees for fuel. 对应答案C，cut for fuel。第二点 ... And it was accelerated by the smoke from the burning ore. Big clouds of sulfuric smoke, which was toxic to the trees, formed over the area. Trees that hadn’t been cut for fuel were killed by the fumes.对应答案D。要抓住fuel和sulfur smoke两个关键词。
11.What resulted from the lack of trees near the copper-mining operation?
A. It became difficult to provide housing for all the workers.
B. Rivers became filled with toxic soil.
C. Coal and other fuel had to be transported into the area.
D. The heap-roasting process had to be completed far from the mines.
【答案】
B. Rivers became filled with toxic soil.
【解析】
(原文中)And it wasn’t just the land and the air, it was the water too. What do you think happen to the rivers? Well, there are no trees to absorb the rain, and there was a lot of rain! So the rain eroded the soil and swept it into the rivers. And the silting continued at an alarming rate. But this was toxic soil and toxic runoff, the acid and metals in the soil made the once clear rivers flow bright orange. 本段对话直接对应了答案B。
Lecture 4
12.What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. An architect from the United States and a house design she created
B. The disadvantage of houses based on a square design
C. Difficulties faced by residential architects in the nineteenth century
D. Women who had a major influence on architecture in the United States
【答案】
A. An architect from the United States and a house design she created
【解析】
(原文中)Now, Harriet Irwin’s contribution to architecture was relatively minor but still quite interesting and unique. She designed a house with a hexagonal shape. 本篇讲座不是开门见山型的，教授在前面做了很多铺垫,然后提出了建筑师Irwin，介绍了一下 Irwin 的个人背景，再用 NOW 这个词来引出重点话题——她设计的一种特殊的房子。
13.Why does the professor quote from the journal The American Architect and Building News?
A. To point out a source of biographical information about Harriet Morrison Irwin
B. To emphasize his point that there were few southern U.S. architects in the nineteenth century
C. To support his assertion that nineteenth-century residential architects did not get enough respect
D. To point out that interest in southern U.S. architecture increased during the nineteenth century
【答案】
C. To support his assertion that nineteenth-century residential architects did not get enough respect
【解析】
教授先说了 19 世纪的人对美国建筑的批评,然后用 In fact 引出了一个例子，即In fact, an article from an 1876 issue of a journal called The American Architect and Building News stated that, and this is quote, they stated that “the planning of houses isn’t architecture at all!” 所以教授引用这个例子就是为了证明他前面说的内容，即19世纪的住宅建筑没有得到应有的尊重。
14.What does the professor say about Irwin's education in architecture?
A. She acquired knowledge through independent study.
B. She studied with an architect who helped her patent her design.
C. She was trained in architecture starting at a young age.
D. She was the first woman in the United States to attend architecture school.
【答案】
A. She acquired knowledge through independent study.
【解析】
So Irwin was really pretty exceptional case. And she wasn’t even formally trained as an architect. Her educational background was in literature.教授点明了Irwin并非“科班出身”的建筑师，也就是说文学专业的Irwin靠自学学习建筑专业的知识。
15.What feature of Irwin's design shows the influence of John Ruskin?
A.The size of the rooms
B.The length and shape of the hallways
C.The main entrance of the house
D.The placement of windows and doors
【解析】
教授用语气助词 Um,和 especially 强调了记下来要说的内容:Especially the architectural essays written by the British critic – John Ruskin. And John Ruskin believed what? 学生回答：Um... that buildings should have a lot of access to the outdoors, to nature. Ruskin said that being close to nature was great for people’s mental and physical health. 教授说：Right! So that was an influence.所以这个问题出现在学生与教授的互动中。然后教授说：The house’s shape also allowed for more windows. Each room had a large wall that could fit a couple of big winters, giving every room a nice view of the outdoors. 以上学生的回答和教授的补充对应了D选项中windows和doors这两个词，可以选出答案。
16.According to the professor, what interior features of the house Irwin designed were especially beneficial? (click on 2 answers)
A. Circular rooms with windows in the ceiling.
B. Floors that were easy to clean.
C. A large, spacious common area.
D. A single-fireplace system that heated the entire house.
【答案】
B. Floors that were easy to clean.
D. A single-fireplace system that heated the entire house.
【解析】
教授用 So one important thing 的方式引出重点：that the rooms were arranged around a chimney in the center of the house, which could provide heat for the whole house through flues… 随后教授用 So, what other advantages might there be to hexagonal rooms?这样的提问方式引出第二个重点。然后引导学生思考关于 cleaning 的问题。学生回答:Oh! The corners. ... But if Irwin’s rooms were closer to a circle than a square, it would be easier to reach all the dust and dirt with a broom. Right? 划线部分分别对应D项heat the house和B项easy to clean。
17.What does the professor imply about Irwin's nineteenth-century biographers?
A. They were probably envious of her success.
B. They did not sufficiently value function in residential architecture.
C. They did not know much about architects from the southern United States
D. They understood the difficulties faced by women architects.
【答案】
B. They did not sufficiently value function in residential architecture.
【解析】
当学生回答重点之后，教授停顿了一下，用 now 引导出下一个结构，um... biographers who wrote about Irwin in the 19th century, I feel, sort of downplayed the ingenuity of her design. 意思是说当时的传记作者对 Irwin 的设计轻描淡写了一下，言外之意就是他们不够重视她的设计。
