2018年SAT阅读文章类型是什么

一、Information and Ideas: The Author's Message (对文本信息的考察)包括以下题型：

1.文本细节的考查1)直接信息题(Explicit Meaning)，该类题型能够直接从文本中找到信息，题目中通常出现如下字眼“According to the passage," "states," "indicates,"等。如：The authors indicate that people value gift-giving because they feel it...?

2)隐含信息题 (Implicit Meaning)，该类题型需要理解文本的隐含意思，题目中通常出现如下字眼 “based on the passage,” "it can reasonably be inferred," "implies," 等。如： Based on the passage, the author's statement "..." implies that...?

3)类比题(Analogy)，考察对文本内容特征的把握及应用，如“Which of the following situations is most analogous to the relationship mentioned in line 5 to 10?

2.文本论据的考查循证题(Citing Textual Evidence)，要求为上一题的答案寻找论据或者为某个结论提供论据。

如： Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question? (寻找上一题答案论据)，或者 In lines 46-50("Prosecutions...sens"), what is the most likely reason Jordan draws a distinction between two types of "parties"? (为某个结论提供论据)

循证题是对文本论据的考察，在每个篇章中会出现两题，共10题。

3.文本传达信息的考查1)中心思想/主旨题 (Central Idea/ Theme)，是对整篇文章的主旨或段落中心思想的考察。如： The central claim of the passage is that...? (对整篇文章主旨的考察)，或者 The central idea of the fourth paragraph (line 35-57) is that...? (对段落中心思想的考察);

2)小结题(Summary)，对整篇文章或段落的小结，如：Which choice best summarizes the passage?

3)关系题(Relationship)，考察人物，事件，观点之间的因果，对比，递进等关系，如：Which choice best describes the relationship between neurons and celebrities?

4)单词/词组释义题 (Interpreting Words and Phrases in Context)，顾名思义，即是对单词、词组意思的考察。如：As used in line 10, "intense" most nearly means...?

二、Rhetoric: The Author's Craft (对作者写作技能的考察)包括以下题型：

1.单词/词组/句子功能题(Analyzing Word Choice)， 包括使用目的，作用和效果。如：Woolf uses the word "we" throughout the passage mainly to...?

2.文本结构题(Analyzing Text Structure)，对文本总体结构的考察或对部分内容与整篇文章的关系的考察。如：Over the course of the passage, the main focus of the narrative shifts from the ... to...?

3.观点态度题(Analyzing Point of View)，对作者或人物观点，态度和立场的考察。题目中通常包括"perspective", "point of view"等字眼。如：The stance Jordan takes in the passage is best described as that of...?

4.目的题 (Analyzing Purpose)，对整篇文章或部分段落目的的考察。题目中通常包括“purpose”，“function”等字眼。选项中也通常出现“criticize”， “support”， “present”， “introduce”等字眼。如：The main purpose of the passage is to...?

5.论证题 (Analyzing Arguments)，对作者在论证过程中的论点，反论点，论证方式和论据的考察。题目中通常出现 “claim”， “counterclaim”， “reason”， “evidence”等字眼。如：A student claims that nitrogenous bases pair randomly with one another. Which of the following statements in the passage contradicts the student's claim?

三、Synthesis (综合题)，该类指的是涉及到双篇文章的题目或文章与图表综合考察的题目。1.双篇题(Analyzing Multiple Questions)通常分为取同，取异，互联题。

1)取同题 ，对两篇文章的相同点的考察。如：The crows in Passage 1 and the ravens in Passage 2 shared which trait?

2)取异题，对两篇文章的不同点的考察。如：One difference between the experiments described in the two passages is that unlike the researchers discussed in Passage 1, the author of Passage 2...?

3)互联题，对两篇文章的相关性的考察。如：Is the main conclusion presented by the author of Passage 2 consistent with Morgan's canon, as described in Passage 1?

以上三种题型皆涉及到对双篇文章的分析。

2.图表题 (Analyzing Quantitative Information) 包括对图表信息的直接或间接 的考察，以及对图表信息和文本内容的综合考察。如：Which claim about traffic congestion is supported by the graph?或者：It can reasonably be inferred from the passage and the graphic that...?

综上所述，从词汇层面看，词汇题考察的是词汇的意思和功能;从段落层面看，考察的题目包括观点态度题，目的题，小结题，中心思想题，论证题，细节类题型等等;从篇章层面看，同样包括细节题，态度，目的，小结，中心思想题，论证题，还包括关系题，循证题，文本结构题等。由此可见，新SAT尤其侧重对篇章的考察。