新SAT作文机经详细解析!备考
一、试题原文(精确版)
The Wrong Way to Protect Elephants
By GODFREY HARRIS and DANIEL STILES
P1 THE year was 1862. Abraham Lincoln was in the White House. “Taps” was first sounded as a lights-out bugle call. And Steinway & Sons was building its first upright pianos in New York.
P2 The keys on those pianos were all fashioned from the ivory of African elephants. And that is why one of these uprights, the oldest one known to survive, in fact, is stuck in Japan.
P3 The director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service recently issued an order prohibiting the commercial importation of all African elephant ivory into the United States. (Commercial imports had been allowed in some instances, including for certain antiques.)
P4 The Obama administration is also planning to implement additional rules that will prohibit, with narrow exceptions, both the export of African elephant ivory and its unfettered trade within the United States.
P5 The Fish and Wildlife Service has said that these new rules will help stop the slaughter of elephants. But we believe that unless demand for ivory in Asia is reduced — through aggressive education programs there, tougher enforcement against the illegal ivory trade and the creation of a legal raw ivory market — these new American regulations will merely cause the price to balloon and the black market to flourish, pushing up the profit potential of continued poaching.
P6 In short, these new rules proposed by the Fish and Wildlife Service may well end up doing more harm than good to the African elephant.
P7 What these regulations will also do is make the import, export and interstate sale of almost any object with African elephant ivory virtually impossible. Anyone who owns any antique African elephant ivory — whether it is an Edwardian bracelet inherited from a grandmother or an ivory-handled Georgian silver tea set owned by an antiques dealer — will be unable to ship or sell it without unimpeachable documentation that proves it is at least 100 years old, has not been repaired or modified with elephant ivory since 1973, and that it arrived in the United States through one of 13 ports of entry.
P8 The story of the Steinway underscores the complexity, rigidity and absurdity of these rules. The piano was salvaged years ago by Ben Treuhaft, a professional piano technician. When his wife took an academic job in Japan, he shipped the piano along with their other household possessions to Tokyo. They moved to Scotland after the Fukushima nuclear accident three years ago, leaving the piano in storage in Japan to be shipped later. Now Mr. Treuhaft is ready to return the piano to the United States and place it in the hands of a friend who planned to display it at her piano shop.
P9 But the piano remains in Japan. It lacks the paperwork necessary to clear customs in the United States because Mr. Treuhaft failed, when he shipped the piano abroad, to obtain the required export permit identifying the ivory keys and the piano’s provenance. In the past, the government might have exercised some discretion over Mr. Treuhaft’s oversight. But no more. Moreover, to meet the personal-use exception for an import, the piano would have to be shipped back as part of a household move, and he wants to send it to a friend.
P10 So the piano that Steinway says is its oldest known upright is stuck in Japan.
P11 Of course, Mr. Treuhaft is not the only one who is or will be hurt or inconvenienced by this draconian order from the Fish and Wildlife Service, or the new rules that the administration seeks to impose. Musicians already complain of a burdensome process and monthslong delays in securing permits to take their instruments containing ivory abroad. And collectors, gun owners and antiques dealers say they have been blindsided by the proposed rules, which will effectively render their African elephant ivory pieces worthless unless they can meet the extremely difficult standards necessary to sell them.
P12 We suggest a different approach. We should encourage China, where much of the poached ivory ends up, to start a detailed public education campaign that underscores the damage done to elephant populations by the illegal trade in ivory. We also need more aggressive enforcement of anti-poaching efforts in Africa. And we should figure out a way to manage the trade in raw ivory to protect elephants. For instance, several years ago, ivory stockpiles owned by several African countries were sold in a series of United Nations-approved auctions in an effort to undercut illegal ivory trafficking. The proceeds went to elephant conservation efforts. This is a better approach than destroying these stockpiles, as the United States did last fall to six tons of ivory.
P13 Leaving Mr. Treuhaft’s piano in Japan will not save African elephants. But it will further endanger them and diminish the lives of those who recognize and value the role of ivory in history and culture.
二、11月SAT考试写作文章分析
P1-2：开篇两段引入了一个之后贯穿文章始终的小故事，一架1862年的施坦威立式钢琴，由于琴键用非洲象牙制作，怀璧其罪，目前滞留在日本，无法入境美国。
P3：解释了上一段钢琴无法进入美国的原因：美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局(USFWS)最近禁止了一切非洲象牙进口美国。
P4：奥巴马政府准备更进一步，禁止美国国内非洲象牙出口和不受管制的交易。文章引入部分到此结束，之后进入论证部分。
P5 : 。作者反对，说重点应该是遏制亚洲对象牙的需求，否则这些规定只会导致黑市繁荣价格上涨。
P6：总结上一段：这些规定只会让非洲象的处境更为艰难。
P7：这些规定的另一个坏处：严重影响几乎任何象牙制品的进出口和洲际交易。
P8：详述文章开头那架钢琴的故事，侧重其历史渊源，如何从美国漂洋过海到了日本，主人Mr. Treuhaft后来去了苏格兰，现在又打算将其运回美国。
P9：继续钢琴的故事，侧重现状，滞留日本，说明象牙禁令造成的种种不便。
P10：钢琴的故事结束。以上三段通过详述文章开头那架钢琴的故事，证明之前规定的繁缛、僵化和荒谬(complexity, rigidity and absurdity)。
P11：在前几段Mr. Treuhaft的个案外推到受禁令影响的群体，如音乐家、收藏家、枪支拥有者和古董商，用更多事实性证据来加强前段的论点，说明象牙禁令的缺点。
P12：在连续多段对象牙禁令持续批判之后，作者给出了更好的解决方案：鼓励中国启动公共教育项目，在非洲强力执行反偷猎，以及管控未加工象牙的交易。
P13：再次呼应文章开头的钢琴，重申象牙禁令的不合理。
三、写作思路(仅供参考)
P1-2：可以看作一个background story，其作用是引起读者好奇，为什么那架钢琴会stuck in Japan?
P5：word choice，balloon和flourish两个词可以突出象牙禁令所起到的反效果有多么严重。
P6：appeal to emotion，通过end up doing more harm than good to the African elephant唤起人们对于大象的同情和保护欲。
P7：evidence，通过100 years old，has not been repaired or modified with elephant ivory since 1973和through one of 13 ports of entry来说明象牙禁令的另一个坏处：严重影响几乎任何象牙制品的进出口和洲际交易。
P8-10：example，通过钢琴的故事和Mr. Treuhaft的遭遇，证明象牙禁令的繁缛、僵化和荒谬(complexity, rigidity and absurdity)。
P11：word choice，这一段最有特色的一个词就是draconian，这个词来自于Draco(ancient Greek judge who had criminals killed for very small crimes)，作形容词意为very strict and cruel，在文中突出象牙禁令造成的不便。
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