历年
2012.1 欧洲
Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and the assignment below. (2012.1)
Learning and doing are their own rewards. No external rewards are required. Yet when external rewards are introduced—whether attention and praise from parents or prizes from teachers—these rewards exert a substantial influence. Instead of reading books to find out about the world, kids will read to win prizes. Kids will produce for rewards, but the quality of their activity and their interest in it will be dramatically altered.
Adapted from Barry Schwartz, The costs of living
Assignment: is it wrong or harmful to motivate people to learn or achieve something by offering them rewards? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
1. 题目翻译：
学习和行动本身就是学习和行动的奖励，不需要任何的外部奖励。然而当有了外部奖励的时候，不论是家长的注意和鼓励还是老师的奖励，都会带来实际的影响。孩子们读书不是为了了解世界，而是获得奖励。他们会为了奖励而工作，但是质量和兴趣都会显著变化。
题目：通过奖励来激励人们学习和成就事业是错误的吗?
2. 审题关键词：past, present
3. 论证分析-各段核心提纲：
正：People will only work for the prize. In time, we have to give more prizes to maintain the motivation.
反：Prize is an effective way to motivate people to start to work. They may be more interested in it and do not need prize in the future.
补：It is interest, not prize, that motivates people to actually achieve things.
2012.5 欧洲
Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2012.5)
No amount of wealth can help humanity move forward and make progress, even under the management of the most dedicated and socially conscious workers. Money only leads to selfishness and becomes an irresistible temptation to its owners to abuse it. The only thing that can lead people to praiseworthy ideas and noble deeds is to follow the example of great individuals who put other factors before money.
Adapted from Albert Einstein in Alice Calaprice, The New Quotable Einstein
Does money lead to selfishness? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
1. 题目翻译：
任何财富都不能帮助人们向前和进步，即使是在最有奉献精神和社会意识的人的领导之下。金钱只能导致自私。诱惑其拥有者滥用它。唯一能够让人们有值得赞赏的想法和崇高的行为的方式就是学习那些把金钱之外的东西看的更加重要的伟人。
题目：金钱会导致自私吗?
2. 审题关键词：money, selfishness
3. 论证分析-各段核心提纲：
正：Money can afford you nearly whatever you want. Therefore, people tend to hold on to the money instead of giving it to others.
反：Many people devote their money to philanthropy to increase the well being of the society.
补：It is not money, but the desire to hold on to it that leads to selfishness.
2012.10 欧洲
Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (2012.10)
People tend to consider the past unimportant. After all, why waste time dwelling on what has already happened? There is no way to go back and change events or their outcomes. But his way of thinking is wrong. People are too focused on the present; they should pay more and closer attention to past events. The lessons learned from examining the past are much more valuable than any lessons that people can learn from the present.
Assignment: Do people learn more from examining events in the past than from focusing only on the present? Plan and write an essay in which you develop your point of view on this issue. Support your position with reasoning and examples taken from your reading, studies, experience, or observations.
1. 题目翻译：
人们倾向于认为过去时不重要的。毕竟，为什么要把时间浪费在已经发生的事情上呢?我们无法回到过去或者改变过去的结果。但是这样的想法是错误的。人们太过于着眼现在。应当把更多的经历放在过去的事情是。从反省过去中所学到的教训比人们从现在所学到的教训要有价值得多。
题目：人们从反省过去中所得的比仅仅着眼于现在所得的更多吗?
2. 审题关键词：past, present
3. 论证分析-各段核心提纲：
正：History tends to repeat itself. If we can learn from the past, we can prevent the mistakes people made in the past from happening.
反：Situation changes continuously. We can only change our action according to the change of situation.
补：What people learn from history is that they learn nothing at all. – Hegel
