新SAT写作练习题汇总【OG+真题】-西泽读留学

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　　新SAT写作练习题汇总【OG+真题】目录：

　　新SAT写作练习题精选：

　　As you read the passage below, consider how Adam B.Summers uses

　　• evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.

　　• reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.

　　• stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to

　　emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed.

　　Adapted from Adam B.Summers, “Bag Ban Bad for Freedom and

　　published June 13, 2013.

　　Californians dodged yet another nanny-state regulation recently when the　state Senate narrowly voted down a bill to ban plastic bags statewide, but the　reprieve might only be temporary. Not content to tell us how much our toilets　can flush or what type of light bulb to use to brighten our homes, some　politicians and environmentalists are now focused on deciding for us what kind　of container we can use to carry our groceries.

　　The bill, SB 405, along with companion bill AB 158 in the Assembly, would　have prohibited grocery stores and convenience stores with at least $2 million　in gross annual sales and 10,000 square feet of retail space from providing　single-use plastic or paper bags, although stores would have been allowed to　sell recycled paper bags for an unspecified amount. The bill fell just three votes short of passage in the Senate — with four Democratic senators not voting —and Sen. Alex Padilla, D-Los Angeles, who sponsored the measure, has　indicated that he would like to bring it up again, so expect this fight to be　recycled rather than trashed.

　　While public debate over plastic bag bans often devolves into emotional pleas　to save the planet or preserve marine life (and, believe me, I love sea turtles as　much as the next guy), a little reason and perspective is in order.

　　According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, plastic bags, sacks,　and wraps of all kinds (not just grocery bags) make up only about 1.6 percent　of all municipal solid waste materials. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) bags,　which are the most common kind of plastic grocery bags, make up just 0.3　percent of this total.

　　The claims that plastic bags are worse for the environment than paper bags or　cotton reusable bags are dubious at best. In fact, compared to paper bags,　plastic grocery bags produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions, require 70 percent less energy to make, generate 80 percent less waste, and utilize less　than 4 percent of the amount of water needed to manufacture them. This　makes sense because plastic bags are lighter and take up less space than　paper bags.

　　Reusable bags come with their own set of problems. They, too, have a larger　carbon footprint than plastic bags. Even more disconcerting are the findings of　several studies that plastic bag bans lead to increased health problems due to　food contamination from bacteria that remain in the reusable bags. A

　　November 2012 statistical analysis by University of Pennsylvania law　professor Jonathan Klick and George Mason University law professor and　economist Joshua D. Wright found that San Francisco’s plastic bag ban in　2007 resulted in a subsequent spike in hospital emergency room visits due to　E. coli, salmonella, and campylobacter-related intestinal infectious diseases.The authors conclude that the ban even accounts for several additional deaths　in the city each year from such infections.

　　The description of plastic grocery bags as “single-use” bags is another　misnomer. The vast majority of people use them more than once, whether for　lining trash bins or picking up after their dogs. (And still other bags are　recycled.) Since banning plastic bags also means preventing their additional　uses as trash bags and pooper scoopers, one unintended consequence of the　plastic bag ban would likely be an increase in plastic bag purchases for these　other purposes. This is just what happened in Ireland in 2002 when a 15 Euro　cent ($0.20) tax imposed on plastic shopping bags led to a 77 percent increase　in the sale of plastic trash can liner bags.And then there are the economic costs. The plastic bag ban would threaten the　roughly 2,000 California jobs in the plastic bag manufacturing and recycling　industry, although, as noted in the Irish example above, they might be able to　weather the storm if they can successfully switch to producing other types of　plastic bags. In addition, taxpayers will have to pony up for the added　bureaucracy, and the higher regulatory costs foisted upon bag manufacturers　and retailers will ultimately be borne by consumers in the form of price　increases.

　　Notwithstanding the aforementioned reasons why plastic bags are not, in fact,　evil incarnate, environmentalists have every right to try to convince people to　adopt certain beliefs or lifestyles, but they do not have the right to use　government force to compel people to live the way they think best. In a free　society, we are able to live our lives as we please, so long as we do not　infringe upon the rights of others. That includes the right to make such　fundamental decisions as “Paper or plastic?”

　　Write an essay in which you explain how Adam B.Summers builds an　argument to persuade his audience that plastic shopping bags should not be　banned. In your essay, analyze how Summers uses one or more of the　features in the directions that precede the passage (or features of your own　choice) to strengthen the logic and persuasiveness of his argument. Be sure　that your analysis focuses on the most relevant features of the passage.

　　Your essay should not explain whether you agree with Summers’s claims, but　rather explain how Summers builds an argument to persuade his audience.