展望篇
回顾过去几场考试，可以发现college board 十分青睐挑战权威和提出新想法这个主题，既然如此青睐，一些重点话题，以供参考。
考试重点一：创新类
Is creativity needed more than ever in the world today?
参考思路：大家要注意today 这个措辞。此题适合准备个人例子。有了创造力，才能distinguish yourself
from others, 不妨借鉴班上一个马来西亚同学说过一的学生会竞选的有趣故事。他说最后获胜者提出了很
creative 的东西来吸引学生，比如：
1)(boarding school) shopping, once a month 一月安排一次集体购物，他们是寄宿学校。
2) (Single-sex education ) ball, invite the girls in the girls-school, 一周安排一次集体舞会，要求
女校学生参加。这就是与众不同啊。
重点二：物质类别
Is it more important to do work that one finds fulfiling or work that pays well?
参考思路：比较难写的题目。较容易额方法是些赚钱重要，因为挣了钱才能实现梦想，获得fulfilling.
开头段：Working for a well-paid job is more important. When one can get a considerable income,
he can utilize this amount of wealth to do those things he finds fulfilling. The King of Steel, Andrew
Carnegie, is one example that can prove the above point of view.
中间框架： 卡内基童年贫苦——只能读夜校——因此希望帮助更多人读上书——努力工作——内战买了钢
的专利权——建了公司——赚了钱——实现梦想——投生教育事业。
参考：童年艰苦 Andrew Carnegie had an arduous childhood: as the age of 13, as an emigrant
from Scotland to America, he squeezed in an incredibly tiny apartment with other immigrants. He
struggled for his survival, finding a job in one factory after another. Having no access to welfare, to
education and medical services, he was deprived of all basic rights.
营造童年梦想Living under this extreme poverty, Andrew Carnegie knew and understood so
deeply about the torture within, and he developed a dream to provide a better live for the poor.
营造挣钱Andrew Carnegie took great notice of the business world and his sharp discernment
paid him back. During the Civil War, Andrew Carnegie discovered the potential of steel industry and
thus bought a patent of steel to operate his own company.
Over 20 thousand employees
A market share of 65%
An annual income of $40 million
横线部分过渡是重点，营造赚钱和满足感的关系：It was this well-paid job that made Andrew
Carnegie’s childhood dream come true. With the wealth he had accumulated, he fulfilled his
youthful ‘ambition’ by making his contribution to the realms of philanthropy.
营造梦想的实现Paying special attention to libraries and higher education, Carnegie invested in
building of many local libraries and Carnegie Mellon University. These efforts changed many
American’s lives, offering their invaluable knowledge.
议论部分：
1 总结例子For the example of Andrew Carnegie, we can see that he had made use of his fortune
from a well-paid job to do what he urged to do and to achieve a sense of fulfillment.
2 表述观点 Therefore, it is more important to have a well-paid job so that we can accomplish
our dreams relying on the wealth we gained from our work.
重点三：欺骗类
Can deception- pretending that something is true when it is not- sometimes have good results?
审题：这是欺骗类，比较简单，大家准备名人例子或个人的都可以，各显神通吧。
参考例子如下：
In literature, many authors benefited from lying about themselves. The Bronte sisters, who are
famous for their great literature talent, published their works under male names. They wrote at a
time when women’s sole job was confined to doing laundry and cooking. In such a male dominated
society, the Bronte sisters had no hopes of publishing their novels under real name. By publishing
under different names, the sisters’ novels were widely accepted and critically acclaimed. The
Bronte sisters demonstrated that lying can be essential at times as their own works would have
never been born had they not adopted male names.
In the case of American Civil War, many slaves escaped their torturous lives via the
Underground Railroad. Along the way, many freed slaves and even white Americans assisted these
run-aways by providing food, shelter, and most importantly, by lying to slave catchers about the
hiding place or trails of the slaves. By lying, these helpers saved and freed many lives. Without
those help, many slaves would have been easily caught by the slave catchers, who were equipped
with guns and dogs. Once caught, these slaves would face cruel punishment or even death penalty.
Although the helpers lied to slave owners and catchers, they helped many slaves to escape their
horrifying lives and consequently led America a step farther in racial equality.
重点四：选择类
Is striving to achieve a goal always the best course of action, or should people give up if they
are not making progress?
首先是审题。这个题目比较简单，不放弃自然比较好写。笔者上课讲过美国自行车员Lance Armstrong，
他得了癌症，但是从不放弃，因为心中有个梦想——环法冠军。 接下来给大家准备了他的生平简单介绍，看的过
程中大家可以学习如何利用一个人故事的不同部分论证众多种SAT 作文题目。
素材(参考书籍外研社人物传记丛书系列)：
By age thirteen, Lance had proved himself to be a good runner and an excellent swimmer. He
was always on the bike, pedaling away. So when he saw an advertisement for a junior triathlon
called Iron Kids, it seemed like a perfect fit.
A triathlon is a race with three parts. Competitors begin the race with a swim, then climb onto
bikes for a long ride. At the end of the ride, the racers jump off their bikes and begin a distance run.
Triathlon is an exhausting sport for which few people are suited. But it was perfect for Lance.
He entered more adult triathlons and started winning some of them. Soon, Trianthlete
magazine named him the national Rookie(新手) of the Year in sprint triathlons. But as he continued
to train, he felt more and more comfortable on the bike. Soon, dreams of being a professional road
racer replaced his dreams of being a star in triathlon.
论证题目：Do people achieve greatness only by finding out what they are especially good at and
developing that attribute above all else?
是的
伟大：环法冠军
特别擅长：自行车
其他：游泳跑步
1990 Lance moved out on his own. He settled in Austin, Texas, where he rented an apartment.
He also joined the U.S. national cycling team under coach Chris Carmichael.
He was stubborn. He didn’t understand the strategy of holding a little energy in reserve. (和之
后做对比，性格的转变)
First race: 1990 Amateur World Championship in Japan. The race, held on a very hot day, was
115 miles long with a difficult uphill section. Chris wanted Lance to draft--- to stay behind other
riders and save some energy for the end of the race.
But Lance didn’t listen to his coach. He was overconfident and quickly pedaled to a big lead.
The lead grew to almost 90 seconds, but Lance was exhausting himself. He got tired and slowed
down. His lead fell to a minute, than to 30 seconds. Soon the peloton had caught him. Lance
couldn’t mount a charge at the end. He could only slide back into the draft and finish eleventh.
论证题目：1Do people accomplish more when they are allowed to do things in their own way?
自己方式：冲刺，领先。
结果：输了比赛。
2 Are people more likely to be productive and successful when they ignore the opinions of
others?
Is it sometimes better to take risks than to follow a more reasonable course of action?
Impatience was not Lance’s only problem during races. His aggressive style also got him into
trouble. He didn’t give his opponents any respect. He would shout at them and insult them during
races. He wouldn’t work with his own teammates. He would show them up(使难堪)， just to prove
that he was better. In response other riders sometimes got in his way on purpose and tried to slow
him down. They refused to draft with him. By being selfish, Lance was isolating him.
An common idea in team racing: that one racer should move over to let another one win.
After 1990 Italy: Lance was riding as an amateur on the U.S. cycling team. He also signed on
with a professional team called Subaru-Montgomery.
Both teams were competing in the race. The race was held over ten stages, each on a different
day. As the race went on, only one rider, an American named Nate Reese, was ahead of Lance. One
evening between stages, Eddie, the coach of the Subaru-Montgomery team, told Lance that he was
expected to help Reese, a professional, win the race.
注(amateur cyclists get paid but they can’t win prize money at international events )
He wasn’t used to the idea of staying back to let somebody else win. He talked to his coach
Chris. His coach told him to take every chance to win. His mother Linda also encouraged him to ride
the best he could.
In the final stage, he pushed hard to take over the lead. His fast pace left Reese far behind. The
Italian fans were angry that an American was leading the race. They threw glass and tracks onto
the road, hoping to make Lance blow a tyre. It didn’t matter, though. Lance crossed the finish line
first, with a margin of victory of more than a minute. As Lance expected, Subaru-Montgomery
kicked him off the team for disobeying orders. But Lance knew that if he kept winning the races he’d
have his pick of teams.
论证题目：
1Is it necessary to question the authority?
权威：自行车界的潜规则
为什么挑战：家人教练鼓舞，抓住胜利，表现出最好的自己。
怎么挑战：赢得比赛。
结果：a rare American win in a European cycling event; made his mark on the cycling world
2 Assignment: Can people ever be truly original?
成规：潜规则
原创，与众不同：证明自己，赢得胜利。
1992 Barcelona Olympics (120.5 mile)road race, no energy to charge, fourteenth
Then turn professional, allow him collect prize money in international events
Coach Jim Ochwicz, signed Lance to ride for a cycling team sponsored by Motorola.
First race as a pro: 1992 Spain, a one-day race (one of ten in cycling’s World Cup series )
battered by cold winds, heavy rains, conditions he was used to from his days in Texas, couldn’t
keep pace with the peloton, last of 111 finishers. His confidence was as low as it had ever been, quit
the sport, maybe it was not right for him, maybe the competition at the professional level was just
too tough.
Luckily, his friend Chris talked him out of quitting, told him to learn from his failure and become
a better cyclist because of it. He agreed to keep trying and got second-place in the championship of
Zurich in Switzerland. This proved that he belonged in the professional ranks. The finish was a
much-needed boost to the young cyclist’s confidence.
论证题目：
We need other people better understand ourselves
自己：放弃
朋友：失败乃成功之母
结果：继续比赛，赢得胜利
At the age 25, the doctor Reeves said that he suffered testicular cancer. The cancer had spread
from his testicle to his lungs. It was possible to cure the cancer, but time was precious.
Surgery to remove his testicle, three hours, success
Next three months, he need a powerful chemotherapy,, a kind of cancer treatment that can be
very hard on the patient. The drugs used in the treatment kill cancer cells, but they also kill many
healthy cells. Patients often lose a lot of weight; their hair may fall out.
Lance didn’t let the treatments get him down. He tried to stay positively. His body handled the
drugs without too many side effects. Once he was healed from the surgery, he even rode his bike
a little every night. Lance talked to his doctors about his treatment and hoped that they could use
drugs that wouldn’t destroy his muscles or hurt his chance of returning to cycling someday.
But the bad news came: the cancer had spread to his brain. He had two tumors there. Though
the doctors told lance that his chance for surviving were about 50 percent，there wasn’t what they
really thought. Privately, the doctors didn’t expect him to live.
On the morning of October 25, 1996, he went in for surgery to remove the rumors. The
operation lasting for six hours was a success, which was followed by more chemo. He told himself
that pain and weakness were signs that he was winning the battle. Finally, the whole therapy was
over. The early tests were promising.
After deep thought, he decided to start training again. He wanted to return for the 1998 season.
He told his team, Cofidas, that he was on his way back. But he got a shock. The team didn’t want
him anymore. It canceled the contract, not thinking that Lance would ever be the rider he had been
when first signed him.
Fortunately, with the help of his old friend, Thomas, who was running a team sponsored by the
U.S. Postal Service, he signed a contract for a low salary. His new, thinned builder and fresh
determination were making him better stage racer than he had been before the illness.
1999, July,环法
During the first several stages, Lance and his team did what they could to stay near the front.
Lance did not care too much about leading. He was saving his leg for the climbs.
最后climbing stages， 19 赛段之前，领先了9 seconds better than second-place Zulle
In 2001, Lance was growing even closer to his teammates. The U.SS Postal Service team had
earned the nickname Big Blue for the blue jerseys the team members wore. Lance’s three straight
Tour wins had made the once little-known team into a powerhouse. He was surrounded by good
teammates--cyclists who knew what it took to work as a team. They were willing to work and sweat
to give their leader any advantage.
In stage 11, a long and difficult climb over three peaks, Lance’s teammates took turns leading
him up the mountain, allowing him to draft and save energy. Then he attacked and took over the
yellow jersey.
By tradition, the Tour winners gives a big chunk of his winning (totaling $400,000) to his
teammates. Lance was so grateful for all the help he had been given that he doubled the usual
amount.
论证题目：
1 Is identity something people are born with or given, or is it something people create for
themselves?
以前狂躁，不配合，就冲刺
现在讲究合作，战术保留。
2 Do people achieve more success by cooperation or by competition?
合作：为什么 protect you, exhibit your full potential
怎么合作：队员帮助他骑在主车队，轮流领骑，减少体力消耗reserve his energy for final charge
