达·芬奇，意大利文艺复兴三杰之一，也是整个欧洲文艺复兴时期最完美的代表。他是一位思想深邃，学识渊博、多才多艺的画家、寓言家、雕塑家、发明家、哲学家、音乐家、医学家、生物学家、地理学家、建筑工程师和军事工程师。他是一位天才，他一面热心于艺术创作和理论研究，研究如何用线条与立体造型去表现形体的各种问题，另一方面他也同时研究自然科学，为了真实感人的艺术形象，他广泛地研究与绘画有关的光学、数学、地质学、生物学等多种学科。他的艺术实践和科学探索精神对后代产生了重大而深远的影响。
达·芬奇(Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci)，享年67岁。是艺术家，又是科学家【即理论科学家(社会科学家和自然科学家)和应用科学家(包含发明家)】，这位奇才对各个领域的知识几乎是无师自通，是人类历史上绝无仅有的全才，他最大的成就是绘画，他的杰作《蒙娜丽莎》《抱着银鼠的女人》《卢克雷齐亚·克里韦利》和《最后的晚餐》，体现了他精湛的艺术造诣。
他还擅长刻雕、音乐、发明，通晓数学、生理、物理、天文、地质等学科，既多才多艺，又勤奋多产，保存下来的手稿大约有6000页。达芬奇认为自然中最美的研究对象是人体，人体是大自然的奇妙之作品，画家应以人为绘画对象的核心。
达·芬奇，意大利文艺复兴中期的著名美术家、科学家和工程师，1452年4月15日生于托斯卡纳的芬奇附近。他在少年时已显露艺术天赋，15岁左右到佛罗伦萨拜师学艺，成长具有科学素养的画家、雕刻家、军事工程师和建筑师。1482年应聘到米兰后，在贵族宫廷中进行创作和研究活动，1513年起漂泊于罗马和佛罗伦萨等地。1516年侨居法国，1519年5月2日病逝。
“上天有时将美丽、优雅、才能赋予一人之身，令他之所为无不超群绝伦，显出他的天才来自上苍而非人间之力。列昂纳多正是如此。他的优雅与优美无与伦比，他的才智之高可使一切难题迎刃而解。”这是文艺复兴时期的传记作家瓦萨里对达·芬奇的溢美之词。
他认为知识起源于实践，应该从实践出发，通过实践去探索科学的奥秘。他说“理论脱离实践是最大的不幸”，“实践应以好的理论为基础”。达·芬奇提出并掌握了这种先进的科学方法，采用这种科学方法去进行科学研究，在自然科学方面作出了巨大的贡献。他提出的这一方法，后来得到了伽利略的发展，并由英国哲学家培根从理论上加以总结，成为近代自然科学最基本的研究方法。达·芬奇坚信科学，他对宗教感到厌恶，。他说：“真理只有一个，他不是在宗教之中，而是在科学之中。”达·芬奇的实验工作方法为后来哥白尼、伽利略、开普勒、牛顿、爱因斯坦等人的发明创造开辟了新的道路。
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. His genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination".He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent and "his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and remote". Marco Rosci states that while there is much speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is essentially logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical methods he employed were unusual for his time.
Born out of wedlock to a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant woman, Caterina, at Vinci in the region of Florence, Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter, Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan. He later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice, and he spent his last years in France at the home awarded him by Francis I.
Leonardo was and is renowned primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the most famous and most parodied portrait and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time, with their fame approached only by Michelangelo's The Creation of Adam.
Leonardo's drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon,being reproduced on items as varied as the euro, textbooks, and T-shirts. Perhaps fifteen of his paintings survive, the small number because of his constant, and frequently disastrous, experimentation with new techniques, and his chronic procrastination.
Nevertheless, these few works, together with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary, Michelangelo.
Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity. He conceptualised a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar power, a calculator,and the double hull, and he outlined a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were even feasible during his lifetime,but some of his smaller inventions, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire, entered the world of manufacturing unheralded.He made important discoveries in anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics, but he did not publish his findings and they had no direct influence on later science.
