科技历史
Both the development of technological tools and the uses to which humanity has put them have created modern civilizations in which loneliness is ever increasing.
Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history.Ever since Erg the caveman first conked an animal with a rock, people have been using technology.For thousands of years, the use of tools allowed people to move ever closer together.Because fields could be cultivated and the technology to store food existed, people would live in cities rather than in small nomadic tribes.Only very lately have Erg's descendants come to question the benefits of technology.The Industrial Revolution introduced and spread technologies that mechanized many tasks.As a result of the drive toward more efficient production and distribution (so the ever larger cities would be supported), people began to act as cogs in the technological machine.Clothing was no longer produced by groups of women sewing and gossiping together, but by down-trodden automation's operating machinery in grim factories.
这一段进行了下定义，随后分别从科技的历史、功用意义等角度进行扩展进行泛化说明。Only very lately这句话把关注点过渡到质疑科技的benefits。随后举例说明。
The benefits of the new technology of today, computers and the internet, are particularly ambiguous. They have made work ever more efficient and knit the world together in a web of information and phone lines. Some visionaries speak of a world in which Erg need not check in to his office; he can just dial in from home.He won't need to go to a bar to pick up women because there are all those chat rooms.Hungry?Erg orders his groceries from an online delivery service. Bored?Download a new game. And yet...
ambiguous可以看出作者的态度。随后欲抑先扬，先让步列举计算机给人类带来的方便，最后一个转折yet…省略句，预示下文要进行反驳
Many people, myself included, are a little queasy about that vision. Erg may be doing work, but is it real work?Are his online friends real friends?Does anything count in a spiritual way if it's just digital?Since the Industrial Revolution, we have been haunted by the prospect that we are turning into our machines: efficient, productive, soulless.The newest technologies, we fear, are making us flat as our screens, turning us into streams of bits of interchangeable data.We may know a lot of people, but we have few real friends.We have a lot of things to do, but no reason to do them. In short, the new technology emphasizes a spiritual crisis that has been building for quite some time.
持否定态度。随后通过排比式的设问，引人思考，随后表明作者的否定态度，认为计算机领域科技进步使得人们失去灵魂，乏味。展开细化证明，最后有一个关键性的小结。
As I try to unravel which I believe about the relative merits of technology, I think it is instructive to remember technology's original result. A better plow meant easier farming, more food, longer lives, and more free time to pursue other things such as art.Our newest technology does not give us more free time; it consumes our free time.We are terminally distracted from confronting ourselves or each other.We stay safe, and lonely, in our homes and offices rather than taking the risk of meeting real people or trying new things.
上文提出问题所在， 本段给予解决问题的方案建议 ;展开部分，采取“反证法”的方式，细化举例说明今天的科技和original result背道而驰，产生消极结果。
While I am certainly not a Luddite, I do believe we need to look for a bit more balance between technology and life.We have to tear ourselves away from the fatal distractions and go out into the world.Technology has given us long lives and endless supplies of information.Now we need to apply that information, use the time we're not spending conking our dinner with a club, and find our reasons for living.
最后结尾，明确作者立场，提出解决问题的方案建议，升华主题。
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