雅思阅读 Noise的译文+答案解析

　　为了便于大家在备考的过程中对不同类型的阅读题目进行练习，小编为大家带来了雅思阅读 Noise的译文+答案解析，希望能够对大家更好的备考雅思阅读有帮助，一起来具体的了解一下本篇阅读的具体内容。

　　在了解雅思阅读 Noise的译文前，我们先来看一下这篇阅读的原文：

　　READING PASSAGE 3

　　You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

　　EFFECTS OF NOISE

　　In general, it is plausible to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise. And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially ‘too quiet’, an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels. Research supports this view. For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exposed to noise. Their physiological arousal also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.

　　But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels interfered with the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of an aeroplane pilot or an air-traffic controller (Broadbent, 1957). Similarly, noise did not affect a subject’s ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did interfere with the subject’s ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelman and Glass, 1970).

　　Probably the most significant finding from research on noise is that its predictability is more important than how loud it is. We are much more able to ‘tune out’ chronic background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected intrusions of noise. In the Glass and Singer study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they worked on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and others heard soft bursts. For some subjects, the bursts were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noise); others heard the same amount of noise overall, but the bursts

　　Unpredictable Noise Predictable Noise Average

　　Loud noise 40.1 31.8 35.9

　　Soft noise 36.7 27.4 32.1

　　Average 38.4 29.6

　　Table 1: Proofreading Errors and Noise

　　occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noise). Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noise equally annoying, and all subjects performed at about the same level during the noise portion of the experiment. But the different noise conditions had quite different after-effects when the subjects were required to proofread written material under conditions of no noise. As shown in Table 1 the unpredictable noise produced more errors in the later proofreading task than predictable noise; and soft, unpredictable noise actually produced slightly more errors on this task than the loud, predictable noise.

　　Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise, but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on performance.

　　Predictability is not the only variable that reduces or eliminates the negative effects of noise. Another is control. If the individual knows that he or she can control the noise, this seems to eliminate both its negative effects at the time and its after-effects. This is true even if the individual never actually exercises his or her option to turn the noise off (Glass and Singer, 1972). Just the knowledge that one has control is sufficient.

　　The studies discussed so far exposed people to noise for only short periods and only transient effects were studied. But the major worry about noisy environments is that living day after day with chronic noise may produce serious, lasting effects. One study, suggesting that this worry is a realistic one, compared elementary school pupils who attended schools near Los Angeles’s busiest airport with students who attended schools in quiet neighbourhoods (Cohen et al., 1980). It was found that children from the noisy schools had higher blood pressure and were more easily distracted than those who attended the quiet schools. Moreover, there was no evidence of adaptability to the noise. In fact, the longer the children had attended the noisy schools, the more distractible they became. The effects also seem to be long lasting. A follow-up study showed that children who were moved to less noisy classrooms still showed greater distractibility one year later than students who had always been in the quiet schools (Cohen et al, 1981). It should be noted that the two groups of children had been carefully matched by the investigators so that they were comparable in age, ethnicity, race, and social class.

　　Questions 27-29

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write the correct letter in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.

　　27 The writer suggests that people may have difficulty sleeping in the mountains because

　　A humans do not prefer peace and quiet to noise.

　　B they may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds.

　　C humans prefer to hear a certain amount of noise while they sheep.

　　D they may have adapted to a higher noise level in the city.

　　28 In noise experiments, Glass and Singer found that

　　A problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions.

　　B physiological arousal prevents the ability to work.

　　C bursts of noise do not seriously disrupt problem-solving in the long term.

　　D the physiological arousal of control subjects declined quickly.

　　29 Researchers discovered that high noise levels are not likely to interfere with the

　　A successful performance of a single task.

　　B tasks of pilots or air traffic controllers.

　　C ability to repeat numbers while tracking moving lines.

　　D ability to monitor three dials at once.

　　Questions 30-34

　　Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-J, below.

　　Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 30-34 on your answer sheet.

　　NB You may use any letter more than once.

　　Glass and Singer (1972) showed that situations in which there is intense noise have less effect on performance than circumstances in which 30..................noise occurs. Subjects were divided into groups to perform a task. Some heard loud bursts of noise, others soft. For some subjects, the noise was predictable, while for others its occurrence was random. All groups were exposed to 31..................noise. The predictable noise group 32..................the unpredictable noise group on this task.

　　In the second part of the experiment, the four groups were given a proofreading task to complete under conditions of no noise. They were required to check written material for errors. The group which had been exposed to unpredictable noise 33..................the group which had been exposed to predictable noise. The group which had been exposed to loud predictable noise performed better than those who had heard soft, unpredictable bursts. The results suggest that 34..................noise produces fatigue but that this manifests itself later.

　　A no control over

　　B unexpected

　　C intense

　　D the same amount of

　　E performed better than

　　F performed at about the same level as

　　G no

　　H showed more irritation than

　　I made more mistakes than

　　J different types of

　　Questions 35-40

　　Look at the following statements (Questions 35-40) and the list of researchers below.

　　Match each statement with the correct researcher(s), A-E.

　　Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 35-40 on your answer sheet.

　　NB You may use any letter more than once.

　　35 Subjects exposed to noise find it difficult at first to concentrate on problem-solving tasks.

　　36 Long-term exposure to noise can produce changes in behaviour which can still be observed a year later.

　　37 The problems associated with exposure to noise do not arise if the subject knows they can make it stop.

　　38 Exposure to high-pitched noise results in more errors than exposure to low-pitched noise.

　　39 Subjects find it difficult to perform three tasks at the same time when exposed to noise.

　　40 Noise affects a subject’s capacity to repeat numbers while carrying out another task.

　　List of Researchers

　　A Glass and Singer

　　B Broadbent

　　C Finkelman and Glass

　　D Cohen et al.

　　E None of the above

　　以上是关于雅思阅读 Noise的原文的分享，下面一起来具体的了解一下雅思阅读 Noise的译文：

　　噪音影响

　　总体来说，人们应该更喜欢和平宁静而不喜欢噪音——这种想法貌似有些道理。我们大多数人都有过这样的经历：如果在深山或者乡村睡觉，必须作一些调整才能睡得着，因为这些地方起初“太安静”了。这一例子说明人类有能力去适应不同程度、分贝跨度较大的各种噪音。研究也证实了这一点。例如，Glass和 Singer(1972)将人们说于瞬间发出的非常刺耳的噪声环境之中，然后测量他们解决问题的能力和由此产生的生理反应。起初，噪音让人心烦意乱。但大约四分钟后，将置于噪音下的实验对象与处于正常环境中的人们相比发现，前者在完成任务方而做得很不错，而且他们对噪音的生理反应也会迅速降低到与后者持平的水平。

　　但如果要求试验对象同时专注几项任务时，其对噪音的适应性能力就会达到极限，噪音也会变得更加让人心烦意乱。例如，如果一个实验对象需要同时监视三个刻度盘，那么高分贝噪音就会严重干扰他们完成工作。同时监视多个刻度盘其实和飞行员或者空中交通调解员的工作別无二致(Broadbent, 1957)。同理，噪音并不会影响实验对象追踪一个旋转轮子形成的不断移动的轨迹，但如果让实验对象在追踪的同时重复数字，那么噪音对他们的影响就很大了(Finkelman and Glass，1970)。

　　或许，此项关于噪音的研究最重大的发现，就是噪音的可预见性要比它分贝的大小更为重要。我们完全有能力对长期存在的背景噪音“听而不闻”，即使它们确实很吵;而如果人们工作时受到突如其来的噪音的侵袭，他们就会很不适应。在Glass和Singer的研究中，当实验对象正做一项工作时，把他们置于突然发出的噪音环境中，有些人听到的声音非常大，而有些人听到的声音却要柔和得多。实验对象中一部分人听到的噪音是严格按照一分钟的时间间隔产生的(可预测性噪音);他人听到的噪音总量是不变的，但是产生时间却是随机的(非可预测性噪音)。实验组称，可预测性噪音和非可预测性噪音都很恼人，而所有实验对象在噪音测试部分的表现都处在同一水平线上，然而，在无噪音环境下要求实验对象校对书面材料时，不同噪音条件带来的副作用是迥然不同的。如表1所和可预测性噪音相比，非可预测性噪音使试验对象在校对时出现更多错误;柔和的非可预测性噪音实际上比吵闹的可预测性噪音让人出现更多错误。

　　表格1：校对错误与噪音

　　非可预测性噪音 可预测性噪音 均值

　　高分贝噪音 40. 1 31.8 35.9

　　轻柔噪音 36.7 27.4 32.1

　　均值 38.4 29.6

　　显然，非可预测性噪音会让人更疲劳，不过疲劳导致工作上的错误还需要一段时间。

　　预测性不是唯一可以减少或者消除噪音负而影响的变量。另一个变量是噪音的可控性。如果一个人知道自己可以控制噪音的话，这一点似乎可以消除当时噪音的负面影响和副作用。 即使人们没有真正实践他的想法，去关掉噪音，这种效果也是可以达到的。仅知道自己有控制噪音的能力就足够了。

　　到目前为止，所讨论的研究都是将人们短时间置于噪音环境中，也只是研究了由此带来的瞬间影响。但是噪音环境所引起的主要忧虑是，日复一日地长期生活在噪音环境中可能会产生严重、持久的影响。一项研究表明，此担心是有现实性的。将在洛杉矶最繁忙的机场旁边上学的小学生和那些在安静环境中上学的小学生相比较(Cohen et al., 1980),就会发现噪音地区的小学生血压较高，更容易转移注意力。此外，并没有迹象表明孩子们会逐渐适应噪音。事实上，孩子们在喧闹的学校待的时间越久，他们越难以集中注意力。另外一项跟踪研究表明，和那些一直在安静学校上学的孩子相比，即使喧闹学校里的孩子们搬到安静一些的学校待上一年以后，他们还是难以集中注意力。有一点需要说明的是，两组孩子都是经过研究人员精心匹配的，他们在年龄、民族习性、种族和社会阶层上都具有可比性。

　　为了便于大家进行练习，小编为大家带来了这篇阅读的答案解析，一起来具体的了解一下：

　　Question 27

　　答案： D

　　关键词：sleeping in the mountains

　　定位原文: 对应第1段前2句: “In general, it is plausible to…”

　　解题思路: 第1段前2句先指出人类似乎(plausible意为“貌似真实的”)更喜欢安静， 然后利用yet转折引出在山区睡觉会因为太安静而难以入睡。此题使用排除法能很快解题：A中的“喜欢噪音不喜欢宁静”文章并未提及;B中的“瞬间产生的奇怪声音”在定位句中也末提及;C中的“人喜欢睡觉时听噪音”也未提及;只有D 选项符合文意，其中adapted to a higher noise level对应文中的adjust(调节)，因为城市噪音较大，所以在山里睡觉时需要调节适应。正确答案：D。

　　Question 28

　　答案：C

　　关键词：Glass and Singer

　　定位原文: 对应第1段最后2句: “The noise was quite disruptive…Their physiological arousal…”

　　解题思路: 这两句说的是：起初，噪音让人心烦意乱。但在大约四分钟后，被研究者就能像那些未处于噪音之中的对照实验组一样很好地工作。他们的生理反应也迅速的消退到与对照实验组相当的水平。正确答案：C。

　　Question 29

　　答案： A

　　关键词：high noise levels，not... interfere with

　　定位原文: 第2段首句: “But there are limits to adaptation…” 但如果要求试验对象同时专注几项任务时，其对噪音的适应能力就会到达极限，噪音也会变得更加让人心烦意乱。

　　解题思路: 从第2句开始就开始举例(For example)，因此例子之前的引导句就是解题句。噪音干扰同时专注多项任务的人，则A选项就可能不被干扰，为正确答案，其他三个选项都是原文出现的内容，都是包含多项任务的选项。正确答案：A。

　　Question 30

　　答案： B

　　关键词：Glass and Singer, circumstances

　　定位原文: 第3段第2句：“We are much more able to…”

　　解题思路: 空格所填词为noise的修饰词，于是答案只限于BCDGJ。由题目所在句句意分析，可得出空格所填词应与intense构成反义关系。经过筛选可以确定答案为B选项：unexpected。另外，通过比较题目和文中定位处的对应关系，可得出题中in which____occurs对应文中with unexpected intrusions，也能选出正确答案B

　　Question 31

　　答案：D

　　关键词：all

　　定位原文: 第3段第4句: “For some subjects, the bursts were…”

　　解题思路: 按照顺序原则在第30题后扫描定位词可以迅速定位。空格所填词为noise的修饰词，答案也只可能为BCDGJ，在这五个选项中只有D选项与原文the same amount一致，故正确答案为D。

　　Question 32

　　答案：F

　　关键词：predictable group, unpredictable group

　　定位原文: 第3段倒数第3句: “Subjects reported finding the predictable and…”

　　解题思路: 此题定位同样可按照顺序原则。该题空格前后为两类人，因此中间应填同为比较关系，故答案只能为EFHI。通过扫描文中对应点：可发现两种人 performed at about the same level, 因此只能选择F选项

　　Question 33

　　答案：I

　　关键词：written material

　　定位原文: 第3段最后一句: “As shown in Table 1…”

　　解题思路: 通过分析空格前后内容，可知空格内须填写处在可预测性噪音和非可预测性噪音中的两类人的比较关系，答案只能为EFHI。可以在文中对应点后扫描出相关比较关系：produced more errors，选项中只有I中的关键词made more mistakes与之相符, 故答案为I

　　Question 34

　　答案： B

　　关键词：fatigue

　　定位原文: 第4段: “Apparently, unpredictable noise produces…”

　　解题思路: 此题定位词在文中原词出现，且题目空格所填词为造成疲劳(fatigue)的噪音类别，显然对应原文中的unpredictable noise。正确答案为B。

　　Question 35

　　答案： A

　　关键词：difficult at first

　　定位原文: 第1段倒数第2句: “The noise was quite disruptive at first…” 起初，噪音让人心烦意乱。

　　解题思路: 扫描到定位词disruptive at first，与第35题相符。再往上回溯第1段第4句，提到是发现是 “ Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to…” 故答案为A

　　Question 36

　　答案： D

　　关键词：long-term exposure, changes

　　定位原文: 末段倒数第2句: “A follow-up study showed that… in the quiet schools (Cohen et al, 1981)” 另外一项跟踪研究表明，和那些一直在安静学校上学的孩子相比，即使喧闹学校的孩子们搬到安静一些的学校待上一年以后，他们还是难以集中注意力。

　　解题思路: 36题中关键词在D选项研究者的研究结果中全部出现，且含义一致.故答案为D

　　Question 37

　　答案：A

　　关键词：make it stop

　　定位原文: 第5段第2句、第3句: “If the individual knows that… This is true even…the noise off (Glass and Singer, 1972)”

　　解题思路: 定位处关键词control与第35题中make it stop对应，故答案为A

　　Question 38

　　答案：E

　　关键词：high-pitched, low-pitched

　　定位原文: 无

　　解题思路: 文中对应处均未提及噪音分贝高低问题，故此题通过排除法只能选择E。

　　Question 39

　　答案：B

　　关键词：three tasks

　　定位原文: 定位于第2段第2句: “For example, high noise levels interfered with the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time... (Broadbent, 1957)” 例如，如果每个试验对象需要同时监视三个刻度盘，那么高分贝噪音就会严重干扰他们完成工作

　　解题思路: 定位处monitor three dials at a time 与第39题中perform three tasks at the same time相对应。故答案为B。

　　Question 40

　　答案：C

　　关键词：repeat numbers, another task

　　定位原文: 定位于第二段末句: “... but it did interfere with the subject's ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelman and Glass, 1970).” 但如果让实验对象在追踪的同时重复数字，那么噪音对他们的影响就很大了。

　　解题思路: 定位处tracking对应第40题中carrying out another task。故答案为C。

　　以上是小编为大家分享的雅思阅读 Noise的译文+答案解析，希望能够对大家进行雅思阅读练习有帮助。