雅思阅读部分一直都是中国考生比较重视的题目，并且也是很有难度的题目，针对于雅思阅读真题资料也是大家需要重点分析的。今天
Passage 2 ：
题目：Coastal Archaeology of Britain 内容：英国沿海的考古蔚n考古学的历史 题型：选择题如判断题私多选题3 题号：旧题 **#%：
Coastal Archaeology of Britain
A The recognition of the wealth and diversity of England^ coastal archaeology has been one of the most important developments of recent years. Some elements of this enormous resource have lon^ been known. The so-called ^submerged forests^ off the coasts of England sometimes with clear evidence of human activity, had attracted the interest of antiquarians since at least the eighteenth century but serious and systematic attention has been given to the archaeological potential of the coast only since the early 1980s.
B It is possible to trace a variety of causes for this concentration of effort and interest. In the 1980s and 1990s scientific research into climate change and its environmental impact spilled over into a much broader public debate as awareness of these issues grew; the prospect of rising sea levels over the next century, and their impact on current coastal environments, has been a particular focus for concern. At the same time , archaeologists were beginning to recognize that the destruction caused by natural processes of coastal erosion and by human activity was having an increasing impact on the archaeological resource of the coast.
C The dominant process affecting the physical form of England in the post- glacial period has been the rise in the altitude of sea level relative to the land, as the glaciers melted and the landmass readjusted. The encroachment of the sea7 the loss of huge areas of land now under the North Sea and the English Channel^ and especially the loss of the land bridge between England and France^ which finally made Britain an island^ must have been immensely significant factors in the lives of our prehistoric ancestors. Yet the way in which prehistoric communities adjusted to these environmental changes has seldom been a major theme in discussions of the period. One factor contributing to this has been that, although the rise in relative sea level is comparatively well documented, we know little about the constant reconfiguration of the coastline. This was affected by many processes^ mostly quite^ which have not yet been adequately researched. The detailed reconstruction of coastline histories and the changing environments available for human use will be an important theme for future research.
D So great has been the rise in sea level and the consequent regression of the coast that each of the archaeological evidence now exposed in the coastal zoner whether being eroded or exposed as a buried land surface, is derived from what was originally terres-trial occupation. Its current location in the coastal zone is the product of later unrelated processes, and it can tell us little about past adaptations to the sea. Estimates of its significance will need to be made in the context of other related evidence from dry land sites. Nevertheless^ its physical environment means that preservation is often excellent for example in the case of the Neolithic structure excavated at the Stumble in Essex:
E In some cases these buried land surfaces do contain evidence for human exploitation of what was a coastal environment and elsewhere along the modem coast there is similar evidence. Where the evidence does relate to past human exploitation of the resources and the opportunities offered by the sea and the coast, it is both diverse and as yet little understood. We are not yet in a position to make even preliminary estimates of answers to such fundamental questions as the extent to which the sea and the coast affected human life in the past what percentage of the population at any time lived within reach of the sea, or whether human settlements in coastal environments showed a distinct character from those inland.
F The most striking evidence for use of the sea is in the form of boatsr yet we still have much to learn about their production and use. Most of the known wrecks around our coast are not unexpectedly of post-medieval date, and offer an unparalleled opportunity for research which has as yet been little used. The prehistoric sewn-plank boats such as those from the Humber estuary and Dover all seem to belong to the second millennium BC; after this there is a gap in the record of amillennium^ which cannot yet be explained, before boats reappear^ but built using a very different technology. Boatbuilding must have been an extremely important activity around much of our coast yet we know almost nothing about it, Boats were some of the most complex artefacts produced by pre-modem societies^ and further research on their production and use make an important contribution to our understanding of past attitudes to technology and technological change.
G Boats needed landing places^ yet here again our knowledge is very patchy In many cases the natural shores and beaches would have sufficed leaving little or no archaeological tracer but especially in later periods/ many ports and harbors^ as well as smaller facilities such as quays^ wharves, and jetties, were built. Despite a growth of interest in the waterfront archaeology of some of our more important Roman and medieval townsr very little attention has been paid to the multitude of smaller landing places. Redevelopment of harbor sites and other development and natural pressures along the coast are subjecting these important locations to unprecedented threats^ yet few
surveys of such sites have been undertaken.
H One of the most important revelations of recent research has been the extent of industrial activity alon^ the coast. Fishing and salt production are among the better documented activitiesrbut even here our knowledge is patchy Many forms of fishing will leave little archaeological trace^ and one of the surprises of recent survey has been the extent of past investment in facilities for procuring fish and shellfish. Elaborate wooden fish weirsr often of considerable extent and responsive to aerial photography in shallow water, have been identified in areas such as Essex and the Severn estuary. The production of salt especially in the late Iron Age and early Roman periods^ has been recognized for some time, especially in the Thames estuary and around the Solent and Poole Harbor, but the reasons for the decline of that industry and the nature of later coastal salt working are much less well understood. Other industries were also located along the coast either because the raw materials outcropped there or for ease of working and transport mineral resources such as sand, gravel, stone, coal, ironstone, and alum were all exploited. These industries are poorly documented^ but their remains are sometimes extensive and striking.
I Some appreciation of the variety and importance of the archaeological remains preserved in the coastal zoner albeit only in preliminary form7 can thus be gained from recent workr but the complexity of the problem of managing that resource is also being realised. The problem arises not only from the scale and variety of the archaeological remains, but also from two other sources: the very varied natural and human threats to the resource, and the complex web of organisations with authority over7 or interests in, the coastal zone. Human threats include the redevelopment of historic towns and old dockland areas^ and the increased importance of the coast for the leisure and tourism industries, resulting in pressure for the increased provision of facilities such as marinas. The larger size of ferries has also caused an increase in the damage caused by their wash to fragile deposits in the intertidal zone. The most significant natural threat is the predicted rise in sea level over the next century especially in the south and east of England. Its impact on archaeology is not easy to predict^ and though it is likely to be highly localize^ it will be at a scale much larger than that of most archaeological sites. Thus protecting one site may simply result in transposing the threat to a point further along- the coast. The management of the archaeological remains will have to be considered in a much longer time scale and a much wider geographical scale than is common in the case of dry land sites^ and this will pose a serious challenge for archaeologists.
参考答案：
14. A
15. D
16. B (undocumented)
17. D
18. True英国大陆面积^少发生在泳河世界之后
19. False
20. Not Given
21. True
22. True
23. 暂时无答案
24. B
25. D
26. F
