雅思真题11Test1 阅读3原文+答案解析

　　为了方便大家更好的进行备考，小编为大家带来了雅思真题11Test1 阅读3原文+答案解析，对于雅思阅读大家一定要多加练习，以下就是一个练习的机会，一起来了解一下雅思真题11Test1 阅读3的具体内容吧。

　　雅思真题11Test1 阅读3原文READING PASSAGE 3：

　　You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

　　Reducing the Effects of Climate Change

　　Mark Rowe reports on the increasingly ambitious geo-engineering projects being explored by scientists

　　A Such is our dependence on fossil fuels, and such is the volume of carbon dioxide already released into the atmosphere, that many experts agree that significant global warming is now inevitable. They believe that the best we can do is keep it at a reasonable level, and at present the only serious option for doing this is cutting back on our carbon emissions. But while a few countries are making major strides in this regard, the majority are having great difficulty even stemming the rate of increase, let alone reversing it. Consequently, an increasing number of scientists are beginning to explore the alternative of geo-engineering — a term which generally refers to the intentional large-scale manipulation of the environment. According to its proponents, geo-engineering is the equivalent of a backup generator: if Plan A — reducing our dependency on fossil fuels — fails, we require a Plan B, employing grand schemes to slow down or reverse the process of global warming.

　　B Geo-engineering has been shown to work, at least on a small localised scale. For decades, May Day parades in Moscow have taken place under clear blue skies, aircraft having deposited dry ice, silver iodide and cement powder to disperse clouds. Many of the schemes now suggested look to do the opposite, and reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the planet. The most eye-catching idea of all is suggested by Professor Roger Angel of the University of Arizona. His scheme would employ up to 16 trillion minute spacecraft, each weighing about one gram, to form a transparent, sunlight-refracting sunshade in an orbit 1.5 million km above the Earth. This could, argues Angel, reduce the amount of light reaching the Earth by two per cent.

　　C The majority of geo-engineering projects so far carried out — which include planting forests in deserts and depositing iron in the ocean to stimulate the growth of algae — have focused on achieving a general cooling of the Earth. But some look specifically at reversing the melting at the poles, particularly the Arctic. The reasoning is that if you replenish the ice sheets and frozen waters of the high latitudes, more light will be reflected back into space, so reducing the warming of the oceans and atmosphere.

　　D The concept of releasing aerosol sprays into the stratosphere above the Arctic has been proposed by several scientists. This would involve using sulphur or hydrogen sulphide aerosols so that sulphur dioxide would form clouds, which would, in turn, lead to a global dimming. The idea is modelled on historic volcanic explosions, such as that of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in 1991, which led to a short-term cooling of global temperatures by 0.5℃. Scientists have also scrutinised whether it’s possible to preserve the ice sheets of Greenland with reinforced high-tension cables, preventing icebergs from moving into the sea. Meanwhile in the Russian Arctic, geo-engineering plans include the planting of millions of birch trees. Whereas the region’s native evergreen pines shade the snow and absorb radiation, birches would shed their leaves in winter, thus enabling radiation to be reflected by the snow. Re-routing Russian rivers to increase cold water flow to ice-forming areas could also be used to slow down warming, say some climate scientists.

　　E But will such schemes ever be implemented Generally speaking, those who are most cautious about geo-engineering are the scientists involved in the research. Angel says that his plan is ‘no substitute for developing renewable energy: the only permanent solution’. And Dr Phil Rasch of the US-based Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is equally guarded about the role of geo-engineering: ‘I think all of us agree that if we were to end geo-engineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-engineered condition very rapidly, and probably within ten to twenty years. That’s certainly something to worry about.’

　　F The US National Center for Atmospheric Research has already suggested that the proposal to inject sulphur into the atmosphere might affect rainfall patterns across the tropics and the Southern Ocean. ‘Geo-engineering plans to inject stratospheric aerosols or to seed clouds would act to cool the planet, and act to increase the extent of sea ice,’ says Rasch. ‘But all the models suggest some impact on the distribution of precipitation.’

　　G ‘A further risk with geo-engineering projects is that you can “overshoot”,’ says Dr Dan Lunt, from the University of Bristol’s School of Geophysical Sciences, who has studied the likely impacts of the sunshade and aerosol schemes on the climate. ‘You may bring global temperatures back to pre-industrial levels, but the risk is that the poles will still be warmer than they should be and the tropics will be cooler than before industrialisation.’ To avoid such a scenario, Lunt says Angel’s project would have to operate at half strength; all of which reinforces his view that the best option is to avoid the need for geo-engineering altogether.

　　H The main reason why geo-engineering is supported by many in the scientific community is that most researchers have little faith in the ability of politicians to agree — and then bring in — the necessary carbon cuts. Even leading conservation organisations see the value of investigating the potential of geo-engineering. According to Dr Martin Sommerkorn, climate change advisor for the World Wildlife Fund’s International Arctic Programme, ‘Human-induced climate change has brought humanity to a position where we shouldn’t exclude thinking thoroughly about this topic and its possibilities.’

　　Questions 27-29

　　Reading Passage 3 has eight paragraphs A-H.

　　Which paragraph contains the following information

　　Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 27-29 on your answer sheet.

　　27 mention of a geo-engineering project based on an earlier natural phenomenon

　　28 an example of a successful use of geo-engineering

　　29 a common definition of geo-engineering

　　Questions 30-36

　　Complete the table below.

　　Choose ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 30-36 on your answer sheet.

　　GEO-ENGINEERING PROJECTS

　　Procedure Aim

　　put a large number of tiny spacecraft into orbit far above Earth to create a 30 __________ that would reduce the amount of light reaching Earth

　　place 31 __________ in the sea to encourage 32 __________ to form

　　release aerosol sprays into the stratosphere to create 33 __________ that would reduce the amount of light reaching Earth

　　fix strong 34 __________ to Greenland ice sheets to prevent icebergs moving into the sea

　　plant trees in Russian Arctic that would lose their leaves in winter to allow the 35 __________ to reflect radiation

　　change the direction of 36 __________ to bring more cold water into ice-forming areas

　　Questions 37-40

　　Look at the following statements (Questions 37-40) and the list of scientists below.

　　Match each statement with the correct scientist, A-D.

　　Write the correct letter, A-D, in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

　　37 The effects of geo-engineering may not be long-lasting.

　　38 Geo-engineering is a topic worth exploring.

　　39 It may be necessary to limit the effectiveness of geo-engineering projects.

　　40 Research into non-fossil-based fuels cannot be replaced by geo-engineering.

　　List of Scientists

　　A Roger Angel

　　B Phil Rasch

　　C Dan Lunt

　　雅思真题11Test1 阅读3答案解析：

　　Question 27

　　答案：D

　　关键词：earlier natural phenomenon

　　定位原文：D段第3句“The idea is modelled…”这个想法模仿了历史上的火山爆发，比如说1991年菲律宾皮纳图博火山爆发，这次火山爆发导致短期内全球气温下降了0.5摄氏度。

　　解题思路：题目说的早期的自然现象，D段此处说到historic volcanic explosions是属于an earlier natural phenomenon的，因此选择D。

　　Question 28：

　　答案：B

　　关键词：example, a successful use

　　定位原文：B段第2句“For decades…”数十年来，在莫斯科举行的劳动节阅兵一直在清澈的蓝天下进行，就是利用飞机载着干冰、碘化银以及水泥粉来驱散云层。

　　解题思路：题目说的是一个成功进行地球工程的例子。文章B段开头提到Geo-engineering has been shown to work，说明后面如果出现具体事例，就是在列举geo-engineering的成功，而之后关于May Day parades in Moscow的例子，正对应题目中的a successful use，一个实例验证。因此本题答案为B。

　　Question 29：

　　答案：A

　　关键词：definition, geo-engineering

　　定位原文：A段第4句“Consequently, an increasing number of…” 因此，越来越多的科学家开始探索地球工程的替代性——这个术语通常指目的性的大规模环境控制。

　　解题思路：本题问到关于地球工程的普遍定义，文章主题是围绕geo-engineering展开，因此通常说来定义往往会出现在文中比较靠前的位置，读到A段第一次出现geo- engineering 时，便出现了破折号和a term which generally refers to 这样典型的表示下定义的表达，因此本题答案为A。

　　Question 30：

　　答案：sunshade

　　关键词：tiny spacecraft, reduce the amount of light reaching Earth

　　定位原文：B段第4、5、6句 “The most eye-catching…” Professor Roger Angel 提出了一个最引人注目的想法，他的方案是将采用16兆之多的微型航天器，其中每个约重为1克，从而在地球上方150万公里的轨道上形成一个透明的、折射太阳光的遮光板。

　　解题思路：题目中的 a large number of tiny spacecraft 出现在文章B段第五句，其中a large number of同义于16 trillion, tiny spacecraft 同义于minute spacecraft，之后题目在目的中提到减少到达地球的太阳光，这与B段第六句的reduce the amount of light reaching the Earth by two per cent一致，题目中的create相当于原文中的form。这组题目要求填入一个单词，因此本题答案为sunshade。

　　Question 31：

　　答案：iron

　　关键词：in the sea

　　定位原文：C段第1句“The majority of geo-engineering…”大部分目前实施的地球工程，包括在沙漠种植森林，将铁质沉淀入海促进藻类生长，都是侧重于给地球整体降温的目的。

　　解题思路：depositing iron in the ocean, 可见depositing 之后的名词与place之后的名词即31题所填内容对应。

　　Question 32：

　　答案：algae

　　关键词：encourage, to form

　　定位原文：C段第1句“The majority of geo-engineering…”大部分目前实施的地球工程，包括在沙漠种植森林，将铁质沉淀入海促进藻类生长，都是侧重于给地球整体降温的目的。同31题一起作答。

　　解题思路：to stimulate the growth of algae, 这部分内容与题目中to encourage _____ to from 一致，因此本题答案为algae。

　　Question 33：

　　答案：clouds

　　关键词：aerosol sprays

　　定位原文：D段的第1句和第2句“The concept…” 使用硫或氢化硫喷雾，由此二氧化硫将形成云层，这将转而导致全球变暗。

　　解题思路：本题说到释放aerosol sprays，这一信息出现在文章D段第一句，而题目问的是这样做是产生了什么，33题空前的create与D段第二句中的form对应，因此本题答案为clouds。

　　Question 34：

　　答案：cables

　　关键词：strong, Greenland

　　定位原文：D段第4句“Scientists have also scrutinized…”科学家同样细致探讨了是否可能用强化的高压电缆保护格陵兰的冰层，以防止冰山进入大海。

　　解题思路：题目中的strong与句中的reinforced对应，可见对应的内容为 reinforced high-tension cables，根据one word 的要求，是填写 cables。

　　Question 35：

　　答案：snow

　　关键词：Russian Arctic, reflect radiation

　　定位原文：D段第 5、6句“Meanwhile…” 同时在俄罗斯北极地区，地球工程方案包括种植数百万棵桦树。而这一地区本地生长的常青松树遮挡雪并吸收辐射，桦树将在冬天落叶，从而使辐射能够被雪反射。

　　解题思路：本题中提到的reflect radiation 在D段第六句中出现，通过分析enabling radiation to be reflected by the snow，可以看到其中名词snow符合题目要求。

　　Question 36：

　　答案：rivers

　　关键词：change the direction of

　　定位原文：D段第7句“Re-routing…”

　　解题思路：D段第7句说到Re-routing Russian rivers,可见是河流的方向被改变。一些气候科学家说，改变俄罗斯河流方向来増加流到结冰区域的冷水同样可以用来减缓地球变暖。

　　Question 37：

　　答案：B

　　关键词：effects, may not be long-lasting

　　定位原文：E段第4句“And Dr. Phil Rasch …” Dr. Phil Rasch 认为“我认为我们所有人都同意如果有一天停止地球工程，地球将很快回到实施地球工程前的状态，或许在十到二十年间。这当然是值得人们担忧的。”

　　解题思路：题目说地球工程的效果可能不会长久，“And Dr. Phil Rasch of the US-based Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is equally guarded about the role of geo-engineering: “I think all of us agree that if we were to end geo-engineering on a given day, then the planet would return to its pre-engineered condition very rapidly, and probably within ten to twenty years. That's certainly something to worry about. ” 一旦停止地球工程，地球将很快回到之前的状态，这说明地球工程的效果不会long-lasting，是用假设的观点来表示“一旦停止就返回”而这一观点是Phil Pasch表达的，因此本题答案为B。

　　Question 38：

　　答案：D

　　关键词：a topic worth exploring

　　定位原文： H段第3句“According to…”根据Martin 这个人提出的观点，人类干涉天气变化已经把人类带到了一种必须全面细致探讨这一话题及其可能性的境地。

　　解题思路：本题所表达的观点说地球工程是一个值得探讨的话题，Martin的观点即需要对这一话题进行细致探讨，当然是值得探讨这与题目表达一致，而这是Martin Sommerkorn 提出的观点，因此本题答案为D。

　　Question 39：

　　答案：C

　　关键词：limit the effectiveness

　　定位原文：G 段最后一句“To avoid…”为了避免这样的情況，Lunt说Angel的项目需要以一半力量来实施;这一切都符合他的观点：最好的选择是避免整体性的地球工程的需要。

　　解题思路：本题所表达的是有必要限制地球工程项目的效果。其中说到 operate at half strength，这与题目中limit the effectiveness一致，而这是Dan Lunt 的观点，因此本题答案为C。

　　Question 40：

　　答案：A

　　关键词：non-fossil- based fuels, cannot be replaced

　　定位原文： E段第2句“Angel says that his plan is…”Angel说他的计划“无法取代开发可再生能源这一唯一的永久解决方案。”

　　解题思路：本题所表述的观点是非化石原料的研究不能被地球工程所取代。其中 no substitute 与 题目中 cannot be replaced 是同义替换，而 renewable energy 与题目中 non-fossil-based fuels同义替换，这一观点是Roger Angle表达的，因此本题答案为A。

　　以上是小编为大家分享的雅思真题11Test1 阅读3原文+答案解析，希望能够对大家更好的进行雅思阅读的练习和备考有帮助。