随着雅思阅读题目的不断改革，文章的逐渐变难，变长，越来越多的烤鸭发现考试时间成为了一个最大的问题，很难掌控。很多学生也都报过各式各类的大大小小的培训班，总感觉做题的精确度的确是提高了，但是做题的速度却一直没有任何见长。很多烤鸭会问“解题的方法技巧可以学，提速能学吗?”答案是肯定的!每个烤鸭都很明白，要在一个小时内完成3篇文章(40个题目)，每篇文章13个题目，细分下来每个题目基本上就只有1分半中，在考试那么紧张的情况下，要达到审题，找题，分析题这几个步骤着实让很多烤鸭犯难，即便是成绩很好的英语专业的烤鸭，雅思阅读速度也经常让他们拙荆见肘。
首先什么叫五大锦囊?
首先大家得清楚，五大锦囊的目的就是提高阅读做题速度的方法，是辅佐我们在阅读当中各种解题技巧的方法，可以让你真正的能在45秒内完成每个8分甚至9分的题目。
五大锦囊：
1.句子语法结构(基本前提)
2.时态
3.单复数
发生 (过程or 结果)
4.动词=>
未发生 (if等引导的条件句：if …+do ;情态动词加动词：should / may/will…+do ; 某些特定的动词本身：want /recommend…)
5.感情色彩=> 好的or 坏的;正面的or 负面的
1).常见的某些动词具有感情色彩：reduce / remove …+坏的
Support/create/allow…+好的
2). 常见的某些名词具有感情色彩：advance (好的)/difficulty(坏的)
3).常见某些形容词，副词具有感情色彩：slow(坏的)/too(坏的)
Crucial(好的)/significant(好的)
五大锦囊中最为常用和最重要的当属4,5点。在我们的剑桥雅思真题中，基本上所有的8分级别以上的难题都会用到这两个锦囊。接下来，我们就看看如何运用这四大锦囊!
首先，让我们看看常规列子之
锦囊1 句子语法结构(基本前提)
列1：
例文： (剑桥真题)
There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also are offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
4. The most important source of paper for recycling is the factory. (等级：8分)
该题对一般的学生而言正确率只有20%，而该题的主要问题是出在分析文章句子语法结构，首先我们得清楚找到原文做题之前第一步：分析句子语法结构，这跟我们游泳之前先脱掉衣服一样的道理，语法清晰我们才能实施第二步：分析题目。所以通过locating word：factory，我们能定位在该段中第三句子(见黑体字)。 第一，找主干： The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores ，also offices and lastly households。剩下三个定语从句。第二，做题：根据主句我们知道原文讲的频率(the most common source…),而题目考点为重要性(the most important source…)答案基本确定90%为NG，再看从句，没有一个从句是讲谁最重要，所以答案为NG。
该题难点在于分析语法结构，大部分同学知道主语：The four most common sources of paper ,谓语动词：are，而后面的宾语就是问题了，有小部分同学会认为只是factories and retail stores两个，这说明这小部分学生最基本的语法逻辑有问题，因为主语中明明讲的是four most common sources，宾语该有四个。还有大部分学生会认为宾语为：factories and retail stores ，also offices and business documents 或者factories and retail stores ，also offices and printers.这部分学生就是大部分学生的语法问题“知道基本语法结构，缺少语法逻辑”，好比：I like four kinds of fruits which are apples, pears, bananas and beef.这一看就知道牛肉不属于水果，很典型的逻辑错误。同理，刚才原文中的4个宾语前三个都是地方，说明第四个也应该是地方，所以为household，而该题在household之前后个lastly，当然有这个次只是一种运气!
所以提速的首要条件就是雅思阅读长难句的语法分析能力：基本语法+逻辑，有了它我们才能深入去探讨其他典型难题!
锦囊2 时态
例1(剑桥真题)
For the first century or so of the industrial revolution, increased
productivity led to decreases in working hours. Employees who had been putting in 12-hour days, six days a week, found their time on the job shrinking to 10 hours daily, then, finally, to eight hours, five days a week. Only a generation ago social planners worried about what people would do with all this new-found free time. In the US, at least, it seems they need not have bothered.
Although the output per hour of work has more than doubled since 1945, leisure seems reserved largely for the unemployed and underemployed. Those who work full-time spend as much time on the job as they did at the end of World War II. In fact, working hours have increased noticeably since 1970 —perhaps because real wages have stagnated since that year. Bookstores now
abound with manuals describing how to manage time and cope with stress.
27 Today, employees are facing a reduction in working hours.(等级：8)
28 Social planners have been consulted about US employment figures.
29 Salaries have not risen significantly since the 1970s.(根据该题1970s定位前两题)
解题思路：这三个题可以很轻松通过Q29的1970s来定位，定位在原文中一二段(如题)，但Q27和28正确率只有5%，(若Q27错，Q28注定会错，所以这两个题目其实是看上去简单，实者是一个考“时态”的题目)
错误思路：第一：根据Q27的working hours去定位，很多同学会定在第一段的第一句或则第二句，根据本题的考点(reduction)，很多学生判断答案为T;同理根据Q28的定位词Social planners和US employment figures定位于第一段最后两句。
正确思路：第一：先确定Q27的时态为“现在时态”，说明就应该去找现在时态，而原文第一段全部为“过去时态”，不看，所以没答案(5秒钟);第二：直接找第二段，先确定时态为“现在时态”，要看;第三：根据working hours定位于原文第二段第三句(见上文黑体字)(10秒钟)，最后确定答案为F。(5秒钟)
同理：Q28就应该在Q27和Q29之间，而Q27和Q29都在一句，所以直接判定Q28为NG。(2秒钟) 总计时间：17秒
锦囊3：单复数
Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to be support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
One major difficulty is the removal of ink from used paper but ... (5) ... are being made in this area.
解题思路：Q5(实际等级为8分)通过题目中定位词removal of ink轻松定位原文第二段的第一句(见上文黑体字)。
第一：根据Q5的右边are，能确定该空缺位复数名词;原文直接到找复数advances(10秒钟)
(正常做题逻辑：该空缺在主干，直接确定答案应该是原文一句话的主语或宾语。
然后根据语法可以直接断定原文由and连接的两个单句。主语宾语分别为：waste paper 和70% of paper;advances和a higher recycled content)
锦囊4： 发生 (过程or 结果)
动词=>
未发生 (if等引导的条件句：if …+do ;
情态动词加动词：should / may/will…+do ;
某些特定的动词本身：want /recommend…)
例1：(剑桥真题Q2)
In the early 1960s George Bornemissza, then a scientist at the Australian Government’s premier research, organization, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), suggested that dung beetles should be introduced to Australia to control dung-breeding flies. Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia. Of the 26 species that are known to have become successfully integrated into the local environment, only one, an African species released in northern Australia, has reached its natural boundary.
2.Four thousand species of dung beetle were initially brought to Australia by the CSIRO. (等级：7.5)
提速之锦囊4是：
先看题目动词是否是发生(过程or结果)或未发生，再想对应到原文去划出所有动词，看其是否是发生或未发生，若与题目想对应答案就在该句。(主要针对定位于两个长难句以上的题目，如上题)
解题思路：该题容易定位，但根据顺序原则定位在原文第三段一二句(如题)，但正确率只有50%。
第一，根据题目中的定位词Australia 和CSIRO我们定位在该段的一，二句;
第二，看题目的动词were brought to 为发生表结果;
第三，到原文前两句把所有动词划出来：第一句suggested和should be introduced两个。suggested后跟宾语从句，所以看从句(雅思考题规律1：宾语从句一般考从句)，从句中should 表未发生，所以不看，没答案(5秒钟);第二句动词：imported发生表结果，所以必看，有答案(5秒钟)。
第四，根据题目考点(有三个:是否是4000种;是否是带到澳大利亚;是否是被这个机构)知道原文是被这个机构，是到澳大利亚，不是4000种，是50种，答案为F(20秒)。所以30秒解决此题。
例2：(剑桥真题Q5)
Introducing dung beetles into a pasture is a simple process: approximately 1,500 beetles are released, a handful at a time, into fresh cow pats in the cow pasture. The beetles immediately disappear beneath the pats digging and tunneling and, if they successfully adapt to their new environment, soon become a permanent, self- sustaining part of the local ecology. In time they multiply and within three or four years the benefits to the pasture are obvious.
5.The dung beetles cause an immediate improvement to the quality of a cow pasture.(等级：9分)
解题思路：该题通过定位词所有学生基本能定位在原文中第四段(如题)，但正确率只有5%。
第一，根据题目中定位词pasture，判定答案应该在这整段;第二，看题目动词cause 为发生表结果;第三到原文中划出所有动词或其它信号词：第一句Introducing(以及simple process)得出表过程，所以不看，没答案(5秒钟);
第二句disappear，不及物动词，而题目cause为及物动词，不可能有答案(5秒钟)(雅思考题规律2：及物表示主语对别人干嘛ó不及物和be动词表示主语本身干嘛
eg：原文：London zoos’ advertisements cause me some irritation.
题目：London zoos’ advertisements are dishonest.
即便不认识irritation,直接看动词，一个是及物动词cause，一个是be动词，答案为NG(5秒钟));
第三句：and之后if they successfully adapt to their new environment, soon become a permanent, self- sustaining part of the local ecology. 中的if表示未发生，所以不看，没答案(2秒钟)。
用掉12秒，还剩最后一句
第四句，：由and并列的两个单句。第一个单句动词multiply(80%的考生不认识)用刚才雅思考题规律2，题目动词cause为及物，multiply为不及物，没答案(5秒钟);答案就应该在最后一个单句within three or four years the benefits to the pasture are obvious.
根据题目的考点“时间”(immediately)，知道答案为F(5秒钟)，所以共计用时22秒。
锦囊5：
.感情色彩=> 好的or 坏的;正面的or 负面的
1).常见的某些动词具有感情色彩：reduce / remove …+坏的
Support/create/allow…+好的
2). 常见的某些名词具有感情色彩：advance (好的)/difficulty(坏的)
3).常见某些形容词，副词具有感情色彩：slow(坏的)/too(坏的)
Crucial(好的)/significant(好的)
例1： (剑桥真题Q22)
Today approximately 16 species might be said to have been “saved” by captive breeding programs, although a number of these can hardly be looked upon as resounding successes. Beyond that, about a further 20 species are being seriously considered for zoo conservation programs. Given that the international conference at London Zoo was held 30 years ago, this is pretty slow progress, and a long way off Tudge’s target of 2000.
22 The number of successful zoo conservation programs is unsatisfactory.(等级：9分)
提速锦囊5是：
先在审题时划出题目中的感情色彩(不是所有题目含有)，再到原文中找出与题目相同感情色彩的句子。
解题思路：该题是很难找到定位词的，但根据顺序原则基本所有学生基本能定位在原文最后一段(如题)，但正确率只有5%。
第一， 题目中根据unsatisfactory确定为感情色彩不好的;
第二， 主语是关于数字方面的;
第三， 原文第一句中主语为16种(与数字有关)，可能有答案;谓语动词为虚拟语气(should/might/could/would +have done)表示本该干嘛却没干嘛，所以感情色彩为不满意(不好)，70%确定答案为T.(10秒)(雅思考题规律3：原文中让步状语从句最不可能出题)
第四， 同理，第二句之前的连接词Beyond that=besides，说明感情色彩和第一句一样为不满意(不好的)，确定答案90%为T。(2秒钟)(当然该句中讲到20种动物正在被考虑去挽救，也是不满意的)
第五， 同理，最后一句，主句中的pretty slow progress也能看出感情色彩为不满意的(不好的)，100%确定答案为T(10秒钟)。总计用时：22秒钟看完一段话。
例2：(剑桥真题)
原文：
Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to be support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
题目：
However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower ... (6) ... than before and to sort our waste paper by removing .. (7) .. before discarding it for collection.
解题思路：Q7(等级为9分)，由于该题没有明显定位词直接去定位很难，但根据第Q6题我们可以轻松定位在原文第二段的最后几句(见上文黑体字)。
第一：审题。该空缺为remove的宾语，所以可以直接在原文最后几划出所有动词，确定是否有remove原词或者同义词。(常规方法);其次找感情色彩，根据remove，我们清晰知道其宾语感情色彩为“不好的”，所以我们会把原文所有的感情色彩为不好的名词划出来。
第三：做题。(最后几句共4个动词)，第一句动词 needs to support的宾语感情色彩为“好的”，没答案(5秒);第二句needs to make的宾语感情色彩为“好的”，没答案(5秒)以及needs to separated into“被分成”不是“去掉”意思不一样且“没”感情色彩，没答案(5秒)，最后只剩下sorted from 这个动词，所以答案为其宾语contaminants。(2秒钟)
五大锦囊大热身
(剑桥真题7-Test2)
D：But the costs to society can actually be quantified and, when added up, can amount to staggering sums. A remarkable exercise in doing this has been carried out by one of the world's leading thinkers on the future of agriculture, Professor Jules Pretty, Director of the Centre for Environment and Society at the University of Essex. Professor Pretty and his colleagues calculated the externalities of British agriculture for one particular year. They added up the costs of repairing the damage it caused, and came up with a total figure of £2,343m. This is equivalent to £208 for every hectare of arable land and permanent pasture, almost as much again as the total government and EU spend on British farming in that year. And according to Professor Pretty, it was a conservative estimate.
E：The costs included: £120m for removal of pesticides; £16m for removal of nitrates; £55m for removal of phosphates and soil; £23m for the removal of the bug Cryptosporidium from drinking water by water companies; £125m for damage to wildlife habitats, hedgerows and dry stone walls; £1,113m from emissions of gases likely to contribute to climate change; £106m from soil erosion and organic carbon losses; £169m from food poisoning; and £607m from cattle disease. Professor Pretty draws a simple but memorable conclusion from all this: our food bills are actually threefold. We are paying for our supposedly cheaper food in three separate ways: once over the counter, secondly through our taxes, which provide the enormous subsidies propping up modern intensive farming, and thirdly to clean up the mess that modern farming leaves behind.
F：So can the true cost of food be brought down? Breaking away from industrial agriculture as the solution to hunger may be very hard for some countries, but in Britain, where the immediate need to supply food is less urgent, and the costs and the damage of intensive farming have been clearly seen, it may be more feasible. The government needs to create sustainable, competitive and diverse farming and food sectors, which will contribute to a thriving and sustainable rural economy, and advance environmental, economic, health, and animal welfare goals.
题目：
Professor pretty concludes that our …….22……are higher than most people realize ,because we make three different types of payment. He feels it is realistic to suggest that Britain should reduce its reliance on …..23……
解题思路：Q22(等级：8分) 学生正确率20%，耗时量大
第一：通过Professor pretty我们很容易定位在D段开始找。(5秒)
第二：根据Q22空后面的are，空缺应该填一个复数名词。在整个D段只有第五六排三个复数(colleagues，externalities, costs)(15秒)
第三：根据are，断定为现在时态，D段为过去式，没答案(5秒)，所以在下一段E段找。
第四：在E段倒数第六排找到Professor pretty，根据动词draws断定时态为现在时态，根据复数找到food bills，然后根据原文动词draws a conclusion =题目动词concludes，所以答案food bills(20秒)(备注：如果第一步找到在D段后，先确定时态为过去时，可以直接过渡到E段，就可以省略第二步骤的15秒钟)共用时30秒。
引申：若D段时态为“现在时态”
解题思路：
1.审题。(运用五大锦囊)得出结论：第一找Professor pretty，第二找复数，第三找现在时态，第四根据动词conclude(发生表结果)去找发生表结果。
2.做题.
1).根据Professor pretty我们很容易定位在D段开始找(5秒);
2).再根据Q22空后面的are，空缺应该填一个复数名词。在整个D段只有第五六排三个复数(colleagues，externalities, costs)(15秒);
3).再根据动词conclude发生表结果，发现D段第五排动词calculated表过程，排除colleagues，externalities;第六排动词added up 表过程排除costs(10秒钟);
4).最后，在E段倒数第六排找到Professor pretty，根据动词draws断定时态为现在时态，根据复数找到food bills，然后根据原文动词draws a conclusion =题目动词concludes，所以答案food bills(20秒),共用时50秒。(而该题绝大多数学生用时3-5分钟)
解题思路：Q23(等级：9分)学生正确率2%，难以理解，较抽象，无从下手
1. 审题。 第一定位词Britain，第二找reduce原词或同义词，第三根据题目should reduce断定其后面空缺的词感情色彩为“不好的”
2. 做题。
1).根据定位词Britain定位于F段第二排but之后(5秒)
2).F段共两句，然后找动词和感情色彩“不好的”词，第三排less urgent感情“为好的”，没答案。后面的damage感情色彩“不好的”有答案，为intensive farming(10秒钟)
3)进一步检验，最后一句动词为needs to create ，宾语感情色彩“为好的”，所以没答案，从句中都是感情色彩“好的”没有答案。(5秒)，所以答案一定是：intensive farming。看完整段用时：20秒。
注意：很多学生答案为：第一排的industrial agriculture。
破解：1.原文的Breaking away from industrial agriculture中的Breaking away from没有感情色彩，意为“不做某事”，不可能有答案。再者，原文说“对大部分国家而言不搞工农业是不可能的，但是在英国，it may be ,more feasible.”很多学生不认feasible，但是根据but能推理出与hard相反，意为“可行的”，这是F段第二句的主干。并没有涉及到英国应该怎么样，注意should。
结束语：有了这5大锦囊，烤鸭们可以在平时到了学技巧的同时，犹如如虎添翼，让你在做任何一篇雅思阅读题目中都能如鱼得水，尤其针对T/F/NG和summary题型，希望烤鸭们下去多理解，多运用，剑桥5-8还有很多可以拿来练速度的题目。
