gre阅读美国14修正案！-西泽读留学

　　大家在备考gre阅读的时候会发现对于美国历史背景的文章出现的频率还是比较高的。因此小编在这里整理了关于gre阅读美国14修正案相关文章及题目，并且附带了答案解析，供大家备考。

　　The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1868, prohibits state governments from denying citizens the "equal protection of the laws." Although precisely what the framers of the amendment meant by this equal protection clause remains unclear, all interpreters agree that the framers' immediate objective was to provide a constitutional warrant for the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which guaranteed the citizenship of all persons born in the United States and subject to United States jurisdiction. This declaration, which was echoed in the text of the Fourteenth Amendment, was designed primarily to counter the Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott v. Sandford that Black people in the United States could be denied citizenship. The act was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson, who argued that the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, did not provide Congress with the authority to extend citizenship and equal protection to the freed slaves. Although Congress promptly overrode Johnson's veto, supporters of the act sought to ensure its constitutional foundations with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment. (172 words)

　　GRE阅读美国14修正案题目：

　　4.The author implies that the Fourteenth Amendment might not have been enacted if

　　(A) Congress' authority with regard to legislating civil rights had not been challenged

　　(B) the framers had anticipated the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education

　　(D) most state governments had been willing to protect citizens' civil rights

　　(E) its essential elements had not been implicit in the Thirteenth Amendment

　　5. According to the passage, which of the following most accurately indicates the sequence of the events listed below ?

　　I. Civil Rights Act of 1866

　　II. Dred Scott v. Sandford

　　III. Fourteenth Amendment

　　IV. Veto by President Johnson

　　(A) I, II, III, IV

　　(B) I, IV, II, III

　　(D) II, I, IV, III

　　(E) III, II, I, IV

　　6. In the context in which it appears, "overrode" most nearly means

　　○A trampled

　　○B extended

　　○C annulled

　　○D neutralized

　　○E compromised

　　GRE阅读美国14修正案答案解析

　　The act was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson, who argued that the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, did not provide Congress with the authority to extend citizenship and equal protection to the freed slaves.

　　法案被 AJ 总统否决，他认为废除了奴隶制的第十三修正案，没有赋予国会把公民权和平等法律保护的权利，扩展到获得自由的奴隶们的权力。

　　Although Congress promptly overrode Johnson's veto, supporters of the act sought to ensure its constitutional foundations with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment. (172 words)

　　尽管国会很快推翻了 J 的否决，但支持者们仍寻求第十四修正案加入宪法。

　　4.The author implies that the Fourteenth Amendment might not have been enacted if

　　(A) Congress' authority with regard to legislating civil rights had not been challenged

　　(B) the framers had anticipated the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education

　　(D) most state governments had been willing to protect citizens' civil rights

　　(E) its essential elements had not been implicit in the Thirteenth Amendment

　　选 A

　　问：作者暗示，什么情况下，第十四修正案不会被通过。

　　A 国会关于公民权利的立法权位如果没有被挑战，正确项。

　　美国的三权分立，是立法(国会)，，总统作为行政分支的头，说国会没有关于民权立法的权力(句 4)，国会当然坐不住了，立法就是我的事，我怎么会没权力，然后狠狠地抽了总统，通过了第十四修正案。总统 AJ 出身南部，没有高学历，林肯遇刺 (1865 04 15)后继任总统，但立场逐渐向南方上层利益靠拢，对黑人越来越敌视。他也是美国历史上第一位被弹劾的总统，一票之差没有下台。

　　B “ 布朗诉托皮卡教育委员会案 ” 中的判决。

　　这个，背景太复杂了，简单说说，布朗诉托皮卡教委案是 1954 年美国高法的一个判例，判决的理由之一也确实是 “ 托皮卡教委和某些校方拒绝黑人孩子入学违反了宪法第十四修正案 ”，但 1868 年的法案制定者们，咋会预料到 86 年以后的事呢，这种因果是非常荒唐的。

　　考场上同学们排除这项的理由，非常简单，布朗是谁?教委?没听过。过。

　　C 制定者们相信法案会被用于非种族团体歧视的案件，无关项。制定者们的目的，文章说了，究竟是啥不清楚，但直接影响是为民权法案提供宪法依据。所以跟这两点不搭边的，基本都不可能对。

　　D 搞笑项。不值一驳。

　　E 第十四修正案的关键内容，在第十三修正案中没有表述清楚，很强的干扰项。

　　稍微发散的理解，因为前一个没说清，所以加一个说清楚，很合理啊。问题是，说清没说清，文中没有任何提示(imply)，而且句 2 明确告诉我们，第十四修正案是为了给民权法(1866) 在宪法层面提供支持，没说第十三修正案的事。综合判断，排除。

　　比较粗鲁且有效的常识排除法是，如果十三没说清，就把十三改到能够说清楚，，还是认真点好。

　　5. According to the passage, which of the following most accurately indicates the sequence of the events listed below ?

　　I. Civil Rights Act of 1866

　　II. Dred Scott v. Sandford

　　III. Fourteenth Amendment