106. The seventeenth-century physicist Sir Isaac Newton is remembered chiefly for his treatises on motion and gravity. But Newton also conducted experiments secretly for many years abased on the arcane theories of alchemy, trying unsuccessfully to transmute common metals into gold and produce rejuvenating elixirs. If the alchemists of the seventeenth century had published the results of their experiments, chemistry in the eighteenth century would have been more advance than it actually was.
Which one of the following assumptions would allow the conclusion concerning eighteenth-century chemistry to be properly drawn?
A. Scientific progress is retarded by the reluctance of historians to acknowledge the failures of some of the great scientists.
B. Advances in science are hastened when reports of experiments, whether successful or not, are available for review by other scientists.
C. Newton’s work on motion and gravity would not have gained wide acceptance if the results of his work in alchemy had also been made public.
D. Increasing specialization within the sciences makes it difficult for scientists in one field to understand the principles of other fields.
E. The seventeenth-century alchemists could have achieved their goal only if their experiments had been subjected to public scrutiny.
【正确答案】B
【解题思路】
本题的类型是假设类，即所提出的假设是结论的一个必要条件。
本题的前提是：如果17世纪的炼金术士们公开他们的实验结果
本题的结论是：那么18世纪的化学将比其原来更为先进
前提中的核心词是：实验结果。结论中的核心词是：先进。要使某一假设成为该结论的必要条件，必然要提到实验结果与先进的关系，因此本题可用找核心词的办法进行快速排除，只有选项B包含这两个核心词。
107. Because of the recent transformation of the market, Quore, Inc., must increase the next two years, or it will certainly go bankrupt. In fact, however, Quore’s production structure is such that if a 10 percent productivity increase is possible, then a 20 percent increase is attainable.
If the statements above are true, which one of the following must on the basis of them also be true?
A. It is only Quore’s production structure that makes it possible for Quore to survive the transformation of the market.
B. Quore will not go bankrupt if it achieves a productivity increase of 20 percent over the next two years.
C. If the market had not been transformed, Quore would have required no productivity increase in order to avoid bankruptcy.
D. Because of the transformation of the market, Quore will achieve a productivity increase of 10 percent over the next two years.
E. If a 20 percent productivity increase is unattainable for Quore, then it must go bankrupt.
【正确答案】E
【解题思路】
本题的类型是归纳类，即如果原文正确，可以得出什么结论或推出什么。
可简化题干的表述为：
①transformation of the market(A)→Q increase its production(B)
②Q not increase its production(非B)→Q will go bankrupt(C)
选项A的表述为：Q’s production structure→Q will not go bankrupt(非C)，无法从题干中推出。
选项B的表述为：Q increase production(B)→Q will not go bankrupt(非C)，为②的逆命题， 不成立(原命题与其逆否命题等价)。
选项C的表述为：market had not been transformed(非A)→Q will not need to increase its production(非B)，为①的逆命题， 不成立(原命题与其逆否命题等价)。
选项D的表述为：transformation of the market(A)→Q will achieve a productivity increase，无法从题干中推出。
选项E的表述为：Q not increase production(非B)→Q will go bankrupt(C)，与②一致。
108. Terry: If you want to get a decent job, you should go to college.
Mark: That is not true. There are other reasons to go to college than wanting to get a good job.
Mark’s response shows that he interpreted Terry’s remarks to mean that
A. college is one of many places to get trained for a job
B. decent jobs are obtained only by persons who have gone to college
C. wanting to get a decent job is the only reason for going to college
D. training for decent jobs is available only at colleges
E. all people who want decent jobs go to college
答案：C
思路：一般对Mark 的观点取非就可以了。
A. 无关
B. 偏
C. 取非的结果，本题的关键在于other reasons
D. 支持Terry的观点，不合本题要求。
E. 无关
109. Several studies have shown that hospitals are not all equally successful: patients are much more likely to die in some of them than in others. Since the hospitals in the studies had approximately equal per-patient funding, differences in the quality of care provided by hospital staff are probably responsible for the differences in mortality rates.
Which one of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
A. The staff in some of the hospital studies had earned more advanced degrees, on average, than the staff in the other hospitals.
B. Patient populations vary substantially in average severity of illness from hospital to hospital.
C. The average number of years that staff members stay on at a given job varies considerably from one hospital to another.
D. Approximately the same surgical procedures were performed in each of the hospitals covered in the studies.
E. Mortality rates for hospital patients do not vary considerably from one region of the country to another.
答案：b
思路：找出一个别的原因来解释本题中的结果。
A. 无关。
B. 指出病人的平均受伤情况不同，另一个原因，符合题目要求，是答案。
C. 无关。
D. 排除其他原因，与题目要求相反，不符。
E. 无关
110. Animals with a certain behavioral disorder have unusually high levels of aluminum in their brain tissue. Since a silicon-based compound binds to aluminum and prevents it from affecting the brain tissue, animals can be cured to the disorder by being treated with the compound.
The argument is based on which one of the following assumptions?
A. Animals with the disorder have unusually high but invariable levels of aluminum in their brain tissue.
B. Aluminum is the cause of the disorder rather than merely an effect of it.
C. Introducing the compound into the brain tissue has no side effects.
D. The amount of the compound needed to neutralize the aluminum in an animal’s brain tissue varies depending upon the species.
E. Aluminum is never present in normal brain tissue.
答案：b
思路：本文开始没有明确指出谁是因，谁是果，只是表明两种相关联的现象。但是第二句话就假设high levels of aluminum是因，否则这个治疗就是是无效的，根据这个要求去寻找答案。
A. 文中没有提到的invariable levels of aluminum出现，与题无关。
B. 符合题目要求，是答案。
C. 没有涉及side effects。
D. 无关。
E. 文中没有提到。
