新GRE阅读一向被中国的
GRE阅读文章的常见“主体结构”有三种：
1. 现象解释型(包含问题—解决方案型)
GRE阅读理解真题文章的第三种常见结构是“现象解释型”。文章开始提出一个现象，然后解释现象。解释是主题。有多个解释时，作者一般对前面的解释持负面评价，对最后的解释持正面评价。提出现象时的标志词有：phenomenon,
fact; problem, difficulty, puzzle, question等。例如，
What causes a helix in nature to appear with either a dextral
("right-handed," or clockwise) twist or a sinistral ("left-handed," or
counterclockwise') twist is one of the most intriguing puzzles in the science of
form…What mechanisms, control handedness and keep left-handedness rare?
It would seem unlikely that evolution should discriminate against sinistral
snails if sinistral and dextral snails are exact mirror images, for any
disadvantage that a sinistral twist in itself could confer on its possessor is
almost inconceivable. But left- and right-handed snails are not actually true
mirror images of one another…
But this evolutionary mechanism combining dissymmetry, anatomy, and chance
does not provide an adequate explanation of why right-handedness should have
become predominant…
Here, the evolutionary theory must defer to a theory based on an explicit
developmental mechanism that can favor either right- or left-handedness…Thus,
the path to a solution to the puzzle of handedness in all snails appears to be
as twisted as the helix itself。
是什么样的原因致使自然界中的螺旋体呈现出右旋(“右向旋转的”，或顺时针的)或左旋(“左向旋转的，”或反时针的)?这是形态科学中一个最引人入胜的不解之谜....。。究竟是一些什么样的机制控制着旋转方向，并使左旋的比例为数稀少呢??
假如左旋和右旋蜗牛呈完全一致的镜像对称的话，那么进化对左旋蜗牛不利，这近乎不太可能。几乎无法想象左旋本身会给左旋者带来任何不利之处。然而，左旋与右旋蜗牛彼此间实际上并不呈真正的镜像对称....
但是，这种结合不对称、解剖学和偶然性的进化论机制并未提供一种充分的解释，以说明蜗牛的右旋何以会成为主要的旋向....
于是，进化论必须让位于支持右旋或左旋的明确的发育机制为基础的理论...因此，解决所有蜗牛身上旋向之谜的道路似乎与这一螺旋体本身一样曲折复杂。
上文在第一段最后提出一个问题：“究竟是一些什么样的机制控制着旋转方向，并使左旋的比例为数稀少呢??”这个问题就是一个现象：螺旋体中左旋的比例少。有问题就有解答，有现象就有解释。第二段从进化论的角度解释这一现象。但是，GRE阅读文章中一般对进化论的解释持负面评价，所以需要寻找新的解释。第三段否定了进化论的解释。在末段，作者以发育机制(developmental
mechanism)解释“为何左旋少、右旋多”。
把握了文章的三种主体结构以后，做文章后的许多题时易如反掌。以上述的“结论——解释型”文章为例，如果熟悉文章的主体结构，下面两道题就很容易找到正确答案。
1. The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) describing an important technique
(B) discussing a new method
(C) investigating a controversial procedure
(D) announcing a significant discovery
(E) promoting a novel application
正确答案对应文章首句的主题句。因此(A)为正确答案。
2. Which of the following best describes the organization of the
passage?
(A) A method is criticized, and an alternative is suggested
(B) An illustration is examined, and some errors are exposed
(C) An assertion is made, and a procedure is outlined
(D) A series of examples is presented, and a conclusion is drawn
(E) A hypothesis is advanced, and supporting evidence is supplied
本文的结构是“结论—解释型”，因此(C)为正确答案。
2. 结论-解释型(也叫论点-解释型)
首先是“结论-解释型”文章。这类文章在开始有一个判断句，一般是文章的结论，也是文章的主题。这个判断句的谓语部分通常包含系动词(is, remain,
prove, turn out, appear等)或情态动词(can, may, should,
must等)，而且含有表示态度的词汇(如形容词等)。例如，
Because of its accuracy in outlining the Earth's subsurface, the
seismic-reflection method remains the most important tool in the search for
petroleum reserves. In field practice, a subsurface is mapped by arranging a
series of wave-train sources, such as small dynamite explosions, in a grid
pattern…
文章首句指出：“由于‘地震反射法’(sr)在勾划地球的地下层面这方面的准确性，该方法一直是探寻石油储备的最重要的工具。”这是一个判断句，为结论。其中remains为系动词，而most
important为态度词，表示作者对“地震反射法”持非常正面的评价。后文应解释“地震反射法”的具体过程。
第二句话对解释进行总的说明：“在实地作业中，通过将一系列波列源，诸如小规模炸药爆炸，排列成一个网格模式，从而将地下层面标绘出来。”接下来是“地震反射法”的详细过程。
以上就是小编为大家提供的一些相关信息，希望能够更好的帮助大家备考。
相关推荐:
