2017年3月18日雅思阅读预测【小范围】

　　2017年3月18日雅思阅读预测【小范围】!

　　2017年3月18日雅思阅读预测重点阅读题目如下：

　　猛犸象的灭绝

　　珊瑚鱼

　　犰狳

　　流浪儿童的小型企业贷款

　　动物冬眠

　　动物的沟通方式

　　动物与地震预测

　　恐龙食肉性的讨论

　　猴子与树的关系

　　鸟的啼叫

　　为了方便大家了解雅思阅读考试的难度及雅思阅读部分的考试题型，网为大家带来了此次雅思阅读预测中的流浪儿童的小型企业贷款文章及答案解析，一起来了解一下：

　　流浪儿童的小型企业贷款原文：

　　Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth

　　‘I am from a large, poor family and for many years we have done without breakfast. Ever since I joined the Street Kids International program I have been able to buy my family sugar and buns for breakfast. I have also bought myself decent second-hand clothes and shoes.’

　　Doreen Soko

　　‘We’ve had business experience. Now I’m confident to expand what we’ve been doing. I’ve learnt cash management, and the way of keeping money so we save for re-investment. Now business is a part of our lives. As well, we didn’t know each other before — now we’ve made new friends.’

　　Fan Kaoma

　　Participants in the Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative Program, Zambia

　　Introduction

　　Although small-scale business training and credit programs have become more common throughout the world, relatively little attention has been paid to the need to direct such opportunities to young people. Even less attention has been paid to children living on the street or in difficult circumstances.

　　Over the past nine years, Street Kids International (S.K.I.) has been working with partner organisations in Africa, Latin America and India to support the economic lives of street children. The purpose of this paper is to share some of the lessons S.K.I. and our partners have learned.

　　Background

　　Typically, children do not end up on the streets due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventurous play and money. However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or no protection, to exploitative employment, urban crime, and abuse.

　　Children who work on the streets are generally involved in unskilled, labour-intensive tasks which require long hours, such as shining shoes, carrying goods, guarding or washing cars, and informal trading. Some may also earn income through begging, or through theft and other illegal activities. At the same time, there are street children who take pride in supporting themselves and their families and who often enjoy their work. Many children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, is less exploitative than many forms of paid employment, and is flexible enough to allow them to participate in other activities such as education and domestic tasks.

　　Street Business Partnerships

　　S.K.I. has worked with partner organisations in Latin America, Africa and India to develop innovative opportunities for street children to earn income.

　　The S.K.I. Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in this enterprise were supplied with bicycles, which they used to deliver parcels and messages, and which they were required to pay for gradually from their wages. A similar program was taken up in Bangalore, India.

　　Another successful project, The Shoe Shine Collective, was a partnership program with the Y.W.C.A. in the Dominican Republic. In this project, participants were lent money to purchase shoe shine boxes. They were also given a safe place to store their equipment, and facilities for individual savings plans.

　　The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Society and the Y.W.C.A. Street youths are supported to start their own small business through business training, life skills training and access to credit.

　　Lessons learned

　　The following lessons have emerged from the programs that S.K.I. and partner organisations have created.

　　Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, nor for every street child. Ideally, potential participants will have been involved in the organisation’s programs for at least six months, and trust and relationship-building will have already been established.

　　The involvement of the participants has been essential to the development of relevant programs. When children have had a major role in determining procedures, they are more likely to abide by and enforce them.

　　It is critical for all loans to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and life skills.

　　There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program, where such relationships exist. Home visits allow staff the opportunity to know where the participants live, and to understand more about each individual’s situation.

　　Small loans are provided initially for purchasing fixed assets such as bicycles, shoe shine kits and basic building materials for a market stall. As the entrepreneurs gain experience, the enterprises can be gradually expanded and consideration can be given to increasing loan amounts. The loan amounts in S.K.I. programs have generally ranged from US$30-$100.

　　All S.K.I. programs have charged interest on the loans, primarily to get the entrepreneurs used to the concept of paying interest on borrowed money. Generally the rates have been modest (lower than bank rates).

　　Conclusion

　　There is a need to recognise the importance of access to credit for impoverished young people seeking to fulfil economic needs. The provision of small loans to support the entrepreneurial dreams and ambitions of youth can be an effective means to help them change their lives. However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive businesses.

　　Questions 1-4

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.

　　1 The quotations in the box at the beginning of the article

　　A exemplify the effects of S.K.I.

　　B explain why S.K.I. was set up.

　　C outline the problems of street children.

　　D highlight the benefits to society of S.K.I.

　　2 The main purpose of S.K.I. is to

　　A draw the attention of governments to the problem of street children.

　　B provide school and social support for street children.

　　C encourage the public to give money to street children.

　　D give business training and loans to street children.

　　3 Which of the following is mentioned by the writer as a reason why children end up living on the streets

　　A unemployment

　　B war

　　C poverty

　　D crime

　　4 In order to become more independent, street children may

　　A reject paid employment.

　　B leave their families.

　　C set up their own businesses.

　　D employ other children.

　　Questions 5-8

　　Complete the table below.

　　Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.

　　Country Organisations Involved Type of Project Support Provided

　　5………………

　　and………………

　　S.K.I courier service provision of 6………………………

　　Dominican Republic S.K.I

　　Y.W.C.A 7………………… loans

 

　　storage facilities

　　savings plans

　　Zambia S.K.I.

　　The Red Cross

　　Y.W.C.A. setting up small businesses business training

　　8…………training

　　access to credit

　　Questions 9-12

　　Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1

　　In boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet write

　　YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the wirter

　　NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer

　　NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

　　9 Any street child can set up their own small business if given enough support.

　　10 In some cases, the families of street children may need financial support from S.K.I.

　　11 Only one fixed loan should be given to each child.

　　12 The children have to pay back slightly more money than they borrowed.

　　Question 13

　　Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

　　Write your answer in box 13 on your answer sheet.

　　The writers conclude that money should only be lent to street children

　　A as part of a wider program of aid.

　　B for programs that are not too ambitious.

　　C when programs are supported by local businesses.

　　D if the projects planned are realistic and useful.

　　以下是本篇文章的答案，大家在做完练习后可以了解一下：

　　Question 1

　　答案：A

　　关键词：box/beginning

　　定位原文：标题下方方框中

　　解题思路：题目是问文章开头的方框当中的引言是什么意思。A答案：exemplify例证;举……例子;B答案是解释国际流浪儿童组织建立的原因;C答案：outline描述，描画轮廓;D答案中highlight是指突出、强调。很明显引言是在举例子，故正确答案选A。

　　Question 2

　　答案：D

　　关键词：purpose/S.K.I

　　定位原文：Introduction部分第2段首句“Over the past nine years, …lives of street children.”

　　解题思路：“to support the economic lives of street children...等同于D答案，而其他三个选项基本未提到。

　　Question 3

　　答案：C

　　关键词：reason/end up

　　定位原文：Background部分的第一段首句“Typically, children do not end up on … and violence.”

　　解题思路：…the demand for income at home...等同于poverty，而D答案crime并不是儿童流浪的原因，而是其可能产生的后果。

　　Question 4

　　答案：C

　　关键词：independent

　　定位原文：Background部分的第2段最后1句“Many children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence,”

　　解题思路：A,B,D三个答案都比较极端，只有C符合本文的主题。children独立的方式是“choose entrepreneurship”与C选项中的“set up their own businesses”是同义替换，故C 正确。

　　Question 5

　　答案：Sudan/India

　　关键词：country/courier service

　　定位原文：Street Business Partnerships部分第1点“The S.K.I. Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in this enterprise were supplied with bicycles, which they used to deliver parcels and messages, and which they were required to pay for gradually from their wages. A similar program was taken up in Bangalore, India.”

　　解题思路：提供courier service的两个国家分别是Sudan和India。

　　Question 6

　　答案：bicycles

　　关键词：courier service

　　定位原文：Street Business Partnership部分第1点

　　解题思路：题干中的provision是文中provide的变形，所以这里的正确答案是bicycles。

　　Question 7

　　答案：Shoe Shine Collective

　　关键词：Dominican Republic

　　定位原文：Street Business Partnership部分第2点“Another successful project, The Shoe Shine Collective, was a partnership program with the Y.W.C.A. in the Dominican Republic. In this project, participants were lent money to purchase shoe shine boxes. They were also given a safe place to store their equipment, and facilities for individual savings plans.”

　　解题思路：定位到原文，可知答案是Shoe Shine Collective。

　　Question 8

　　答案：life skills

　　关键词：Zambia

　　定位原文：Street Business Partnership部分第3点“The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Society and the Y.W.C.A. Street youths are supported to start their own small business through business training, life skills training and access to credit.”

　　解题思路：定位到该句话末尾，可知正确答案是life skills。

　　Question 9

　　答案：NO

　　关键词：set up/money

　　定位原文：Lessons learned部分第1点“Being an entrepreneur is not for everyone, for every street child.”

　　解题思路：很明显文中说的不是对于每个人来说的，所以答案应该是NO。

　　Question 10

　　答案：NOT GIVEN

　　关键词：families/S.K.I.

　　定位原文：Lessons learned部分第4点“There are tremendous advantages to involving parents or guardians in the program, where such relationships exist. Home visits allow staff the opportunity to know where the participants live, and to understand more about each individual's situation.”

　　解题思路：这一点当中虽然提到了流浪儿童的家人，但是并没有说明他们是否要从S.K.I.那里得到帮助，属于纯粹未提及型的NOT GIVEN。

　　Question 11

　　答案：NO

　　关键词：loan

　　定位原文：Lessons learned部分第5点“Small loans are provided initially for …ranged from US$30-$100.”

　　解题思路：题目当中如果含有ONLY/ONE这样的词，往往选NO。从文中我们也可以看出孩子们不只可以申请一笔贷款。

　　Question 12

　　答案：YES

　　关键词：pay back

　　定位原文：Lessons learned部分第6点“All S.K.I. programs have charged interest on the loans, primarily to get the entrepreneurs used to the concept of paying interest on borrowed money. Generally the rates have been modest (lower than bank rates).”

　　解题思路：All S.K.I. programs have charged interest on the loans.所有的计划都要收取利息，也就是要多还一点钱。

　　Question 13

　　答案：A

　　关键词：conclude

　　定位原文：Conclusion部分“However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support...”

　　解题思路：根据conclude可以定位到conclusion部分，根据“credit must be extended in association with other types of support”可知正确答案是A。

　　希望以上网为大家分享的2017年3月18日雅思阅读预测【小范围】能够对大家进行雅思备考有帮助。