2017年1月14日雅思阅读预测【小范围】-西泽读留学

　　雅思阅读部分的备考需要考生多加练习，为了便于大家对雅思进行备考，小编为大家带来了2017年1月14日雅思阅读预测【小范围】，一起来了解一下吧。

　　2017年1月14日雅思阅读预测【小范围】重点阅读题目如下：海钟表发展、茶叶的历史、地图的发展、古希腊钱币、拯救濒危语言、海地声音探索、新植物净水、神奇的竹子、噪音(noise)、小冰期

　　为了便于大家更好的进行练习和备考，小编为大家带来了雅思阅读预测中的小冰期的雅思阅读原文及答案解析，一起来了解一下吧：

　　2017年1月14日雅思阅读预测【小范围】原文：THE LITTLE ICE AGE

　　A This book will provide a detailed examination of the Little Ice Age and other climatic shifts, but, before I embark on that, let me provide a historical context. We tend to think of climate — as opposed to weather — as something unchanging, yet humanity has been at the mercy of climate change for its entire existence, with at least eight glacial episodes in the past 730,000 years. Our ancestors adapted to the universal but irregular global warming since the end of the last great Ice Age, around 10,000 years ago, with dazzling opportunism. They developed strategies for surviving harsh drought cycles, decades of heavy rainfall or unaccustomed cold; adopted agriculture and stock-raising, which revolutionised human life; and founded the world's first pre-industrial civilisations in Egypt, Mesopotamia and the Americas. But the price of sudden climate change, in famine, disease and suffering, was often high.

　　B The Little Ice Age lasted from roughly 1300 until the middle of the nineteenth century. Only two centuries ago, Europe experienced a cycle of bitterly cold winters; mountain glaciers in the Swiss Alps were the lowest in recorded memory, and pack ice surrounded Iceland for much of the year. The climatic events of the Little Ice Age did more than help shape the modern world. They are the deeply important context for the current unprecedented global warming. The Little Ice Age was far from a deep freeze, however; rather an irregular seesaw of rapid climatic shifts, few lasting more than a quarter-century, driven by complex and still little understood interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean. The seesaw brought cycles of intensely cold winters and easterly winds, then switched abruptly to years of heavy spring and early summer rains, mild winters, and frequent Atlantic storms, or to periods of droughts, light northeasterly winds, and summer heat waves.

　　C Reconstructing the climate changes of the past is extremely difficult, because systematic weather observations began only a few centuries ago, in Europe and North America. Records from India and tropical Africa are even more recent. For the time before records began, we have only 'proxy records' reconstructed largely from tree rings and ice cores, supplemented by a few incomplete written accounts. We now have hundreds of tree-ring records from throughout the northern hemisphere, and many from south of the equator, too, amplified with a growing body of temperature data from ice cores drilled in Antarctica, Greenland, the Peruvian Andes, and other locations, we are close to a knowledge of annual summer and winter temperature variations over much of the northern hemisphere going back 600 years.

　　D This book is a narrative history of climatic shifts during the past ten centuries, and some of the ways in which people in Europe adapted to them. Part One describes the Medieval Warm Period, roughly 900 to 1200. During these three centuries, Norse voyagers from Northern Europe explored northern seas, settled Greenland, and visited North America. It was not a time of uniform warmth, for then, as always since the Great Ice Age, there were constant shifts in rainfall and temperature. Mean European temperatures were about the same as today, perhaps slightly cooler.

　　E It is known that the Little Ice Age cooling began in Greenland and the Arctic in about 1200. As the Arctic ice pack spread southward, Norse voyages to the west were rerouted into the open Atlantic, then ended altogether. Storminess increased in the North Atlantic and North Sea. Colder, much wetter weather descended on Europe between 1315 and 1319, when thousands perished in a continent-wide famine. By 1400, the weather had become decidedly more unpredictable and stormier, with sudden shifts and lower temperatures that culminated in the cold decades of the late sixteenth century. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern. Dried cod and herring were already the staples of the European fish trade, but changes in water temperatures forced fishing fleets to work further offshore. The Basques, Dutch, and English developed the first offshore fishing boats adapted to a colder and stormier Atlantic. A gradual agricultural revolution in northern Europe stemmed from concerns over food supplies at a time of rising populations. The revolution involved intensive commercial farming and the growing of animal fodder on land not previously used for crops. The increased productivity from farmland made some countries self-sufficient in grain and livestock and offered effective protection against famine.

　　F Global temperatures began to rise slowly after 1850, with the beginning of the Modern Warm Period. There was a vast migration from Europe by land-hungry farmers and others, to which the famine caused by the Irish potato blight contributed, to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and southern Africa. Millions of hectares of forest and woodland fell before the newcomers' axes between 1850 and 1890, as intensive European farming methods expanded across the world. The unprecedented land clearance released vast quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, triggering for the first time humanly caused global warming. Temperatures climbed more rapidly in the twentieth century as the use of fossil fuels proliferated and greenhouse gas levels continued to soar. The rise has been even steeper since the early 1980s. The Little Ice Age has given way to a new climatic regime, marked by prolonged and steady warming. At the same time, extreme weather events like Category 5 hurricanes are becoming more frequent.

　　Questions 18-22

　　Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.

　　Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

　　Weather during the Little Ice Age

　　Documentation of past weather conditions is limited: our main sources of knowledge of conditions in the distant past are 18...........and 19.................. We can deduce that the Little Ice Age was a time of 20.............. , rather than of consistent freezing. Within it there were some periods of very cold winters, other of 21...............and heavy rain, and yet others that saw 22................with no rain at all.

　　A climatic shifts B ice cores C tree rings

　　D glaciers E interactions F weather observations

　　G heat waves H storms I written accounts

　　Questions 23-26

　　Classify the following events as occurring during the

　　A Medieval Warm Period

　　B Little Ice Age

　　C Modern Warm Period

　　Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

　　23 Many Europeans started farming abroad.

　　24 The cutting down of trees began to affect the climate.

　　25 Europeans discovered other lands.

　　26 Changes took place in fishing patterns.

　　以下是这篇文章的答案解析，一起来具体的了解一下：

　　Question 14

　　答案: ii

　　关键词: 根据段落选择，无题干关键词

　　定位原文: B段第1句“The Little Ice Age…”

　　解题思路: 本段第3句说“小冰河期的气候不仅仅是帮助形成了现今的世界”,原文中的 modern world 对应选项 ii 中的 today，小冰期大致从公元1300年持续到19世纪中期，且整段话就是在描述小冰期对于现在的一些影响。因此答案为ii。

　　Question 15

　　答案: vii

　　关键词: 根据段落选择，无题干关键词

　　定位原文: D段第1句“This book is a narrative…”

　　解题思路: the past ten centuries 对应选项 vii 中的 a thousand years，文章中 a narrative history of climatic shifts 对应选项 vii 中的 study, D段首句强调，该书的内容是对1000年来气候变化的描述以及欧洲人的适应方式。因此答案为vii。

　　Question 16

　　答案： ix

　　关键词：根据段落选择，无题干关键词

　　定位原文： E段最后1句“The increased productivity…”

　　解题思路: E段末句指出，部分国家在粮食和家畜方面的自给自足为抵制饥荒提供了有效保障。因此答案为ix。

　　Question 17

　　答案： iv

　　关键词：根据段落选择，无题干关键词

　　定位原文： F段第1、2句“Global temperatures began to…”

　　解题思路： F段首句和次句指出，全球气温的上升引起了大规模的人口迁徙，随后描述了其对气候变化的影响。因此答案为iv。

　　Question 18 & Question 19

　　答案: B C (in either order)