2016年9月3日
What is the most useful action for people to help protect or improve the environment in their local communities:
1.Plant trees and create parks.
2. Persuade local shops to stop providing plastic bags to customers.
3.Increase access to pubic transportation (such as buses and trains) thus reduce the automobile on the road.
9月的第一场考试，也是大家下半年开学的第一战，这次考察的话题有关环境保护，还居然是三选一。So, the topic of this weekend is a little bit serious.
题目翻译如下：
人们保护和提高自己社区环境的最好方法是哪一个：
a.植树和建造公园;
b.说服当地商店停止给客户提供塑料袋;
c.增加公共交通的使用从而能减少汽车的使用。
“环境保护”是托福独立写作中常考话题之一，这一话题又经常与“政府”类话题交叉出现，即有些独立写作题目讨论就是有关“政府的环境保护”，请看如下两道相关题目：
1. Governments should focus its budgets more on environmental protection than on economic development.
政府应该集中更多的预算在环境保护上而不是在经济发展上。
2. The environmental issue is too complex to be handled by the individual.
环境问题太复杂以至于个人问题无法解决。
对于这种“环境问题”，我们的解题思路可以依旧很好的套用上之前反复强调过的“分类讨论”解题思路。
第1题涉及到了政府应该重视的两个方面，environmental protection VS economic development。题目陈述也已经给出了观点：环境保护比经济发展更加重要。对于这种题目，我们可以巧妙的避开environmental protection的具体的细节论述，把重点放到政府上。因为对于政府，我们有一个常用分类，分为“发达国家政府VS落后地区政府”(developed countries VS undeveloped countries)。国力、国情、国民状况，在不同国家都不尽相同。简而言之，发达国家经济实力强，人们物质生活已经有了保障，同时人民的环保意识比较强烈，所以发达国家的政府更加应该重视环境保护。On the contrary, how about the undeveloped nations? 落后国家的经济状况比较堪忧，人们的生活水平也比较低。和环境保护相比，这些国家当然更加应该得视经济发展。在不同的发展阶段，政府所要重视的因素是不相同的。
有了第1题做了铺垫，我们再来思考下第2题能否也使用“发达国家VS落后国家”的分类讨论策略。我们在上面这道题目里面，已经提到“发达国家的人民环保意识比较强烈”，“落后国家更加重视经济发展”，由此我们可以再进一步的拓展：
落后国家的政府首要目标往往是为了发展经济，因此政策会更加倾向于工业、市场的发展，在一定程度上环境保护不受重视。在此前提下，即使有一些个人意识超前愿意保护环境，他们也很难得到政府的支持，也较难说服别人和他们一起行动起来保护环境，因此对于这些落后国家，环境问题确实是很难被解决的。
然而对于发达国家，人们有保护环境的意愿，政府也会有相关的法律法规的支持，所能一些环境问题往往能够在一些有影响力的个人推动下得到改进。
我们回顾了两道真题，再回到当前这道题目。
我们这道题目其实也可以按照“发达国家VS落后国家”来分类讨论。具体可以使用如下思路：
开头段表明总观点：不同国家的人们的选择也会不同，发达国家的人们可以选择多种树;而对于落后国家，更好的选择是多使用公共交通工具。
The choices of people living in different countries could vary. For people living in developed nations, it is wise and feasible for them to plant more trees and create more parks; However, when people of backward nations are involved in, increasing the frequency of using public transportation would be a proper choice.
主体段核心内容：
To be honest, developed nations, considering the prosperous economic condition, have sufficient budget in protecting environment. Planting trees and building more parks need a whopping expenditure, which is supposed to be provided by the government. Trees and parks covered by plants can absorb green house gases, provide shades for dwellers and walkers as well as serve as areas of out recreations.
On the contrary, undeveloped nations can ill afford to directly invest too much money on protecting environments as developed nations. To invest money in developing public transportation would be a solution killing two birds with one stone(一石二鸟，一举两得). On the one hand, it will be more convenient for people getting out; On the other hand, less private sedans are going to be used and therefore less hazardous exhaust will be produced.
这一次机经解析我们将环境的题目串讲了一下，也算 killing two birds with one stone。新的一周，大家工作、学习愉快。
2016年9月3日托福综合写作范文
Sample answer:
The reading and listening discuss about whether vent mining is reasonable. The reading points out three reasons why vent mining is advisable. Whereas, the professor totally refutes the three points presented in the passage.
Firstly, the professor rebuts the reading’s first reason that some rare metal will be excavated by claims that under the current technology, metal cannot be separated from sediment, and then transported.
According to the reading material, unique sea organism will not be damaged, for the excavation works are conducted two kilometers away from the vent. The professor mentions that the harmful chemical will spread, thus even the excavation works are conducted far way, sea organisms will still be influenced.
At last, reading material point out that laws and agencies will help to manage and regulate vent mining, which will prevent the harmful effects vent mining causes. However, the professor explains that Vent mining is conducted off the coastline, where laws are invalid.
