2016年4月9日
词汇题：
impressive=striking
disrupt=disturb
ruled out=excluded
discard=abandon
rudimentary=simple
elaborate=complex
startle=surprise
baffled=puzzled
periodical=regular
virtually=almost
completely ideal=perfect
periodically=short interval time
ideal
第一篇
题材划分： 生物类
主要内容：蝴蝶
第一段说，很多生物都吃蝴蝶，但是这些生物都是通visual，视力来发现蝴蝶。
下面一段讲的是蝴蝶翅膀的颜色，可以帮助他们伪装，使它们很好地融合进去background,不容易被敌人发现。就像对敌人说Hi, I am not here。但是这个有个缺点就是蝴蝶不能动，可是蝴蝶总是要飞的。所以就有另一种伪装。
下一段主讲另一种伪装，就是有一类蝴蝶色彩特别鲜艳，这种鲜艳的色彩告诉他们的敌人我其实不是那么好吃。
接下一段讲有种蝴蝶翅膀两面是不同的颜色，一面的颜色跟环境很像，可以帮助他们不容易被发现，另一面的颜色很鲜艳。这种蝴蝶可以唬住他们的敌人，通过开始展示很鲜艳的颜色，然后突然关上他们的翅膀鲜艳的一面，留下颜色和background很像的一面。这一瞬间，他们的敌人就会发现美食(蝴蝶)突然失踪了? Where is it?
最后一段讲蝴蝶被攻击的时候，可以通过什么方法让敌人攻击他们的翅膀，而不是其他部位。因为翅膀对他们来说不是那么致命的地方。
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相关背景知识：
Camouflage has been a topic of interest and research in zoology for well over a century. According to Charles Darwin's 1859 theory of natural selection, features such as camouflage evolved by providing individual animals with a reproductive advantage, enabling them to leave more offspring, on average, than other members of the same species. In his Origin of Species, Darwin wrote:
When we see leaf-eating insects green, and bark-feeders mottled-grey; the alpine ptarmigan white in winter, the red-grouse the colour of heather, and the black-grouse that of peaty earth, we must believe that these tints are of service to these birds and insects in preserving them from danger. Grouse, if not destroyed at some period of their lives, would increase in countless numbers; they are known to suffer largely from birds of prey; and hawks are guided by eyesight to their prey, so much so, that on parts of the Continent persons are warned not to keep white pigeons, as being the most liable to destruction. Hence I can see no reason to doubt that natural selection might be most effective in giving the proper colour to each kind of grouse, and in keeping that colour, when once acquired, true and constant.
第二篇
题材划分：动物类
主要内容：巨石雕像的形成
复活节岛，这个岛上有很多巨石。巨石雕像是怎么来的?这个问题一直困扰着早期探险家。首先因为人们在一个火山周围发现了很多未完成的巨石，所以巨石的来源解决了。然后就是怎么雕刻的，人们发现这些巨石外面很硬里面只比粉笔硬一些，早期的探险家错误的以为这些石头很好雕刻。
中间说一个探险家带着六个人花了一个月还是一年的时间雕刻完了一个16feet的巨像，他推测岛上的人可以用多长时间来完成巨像(这里有道推测题，选的是岛上雕刻巨像的人比这探险家团队的人多)。然后就是这些石头怎么运输的，因为现在岛上光秃秃的，没有树，所以巨石没法用树塾在地下滚动，但是科学家证明以前这个岛可不是这个样子，以前岛上有超级多的树。所以运输问题就解决了。然后就是越大的石头运输的距离越短。
最后一段讲了两个探险家用不同的方法的方法来运输石像。一个探险家的方法比另一个探险家更快，更节省时间。
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相关知识背景：
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, 2 miles (3 km) west of Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury. Stonehenge's ring of standing stones are set within earthworks in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds.
Archaeologists believe it was constructed from 3000 BC to 2000 BC. The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the first bluestones were raised between 2400 and 2200 BC, although they may have been at the site as early as 3000 BC.
The site and its surroundings were added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1986 and it is a legally protected Scheduled Ancient Monument. Stonehenge is owned by the Crown and managed by English Heritage; the surrounding land is owned by the National Trust.
Stonehenge could have been a burial ground from its earliest beginnings. Deposits containing human bone date from as early as 3000 BC, when the ditch and bank were first dug, and continued for at least another five hundred years.
第三篇
题材划分：生物类
主要内容：大家交流方式
大象如何交流的。第一段，说大自然的低声波比超生波多得多，什么地震，海洋之类的都发出低声波，就连地球本身也在不停的呻吟(就是低声波)
第二段就是大象怎么交流一直困扰着大家，因为bats用超声波交流，所以有人推测大象可能用低声波。可以一直没有证实。
直到一个科学家对研究大象产生了兴趣，开始她很失望因为大象不是总发声。可这时候她发现一个现象就是大象对一种空气vibration有共鸣。于是她就拉着另外科学家搞设备研究，这是揭开大象交流之谜的第一步。然后就是科学家发现大象之间隔着很远却同时转变方向，以及同时有些相同的行动。
后面就是说male每年有几个月出去游荡，去找伴侣。但是female每个四五年才发情，而且发情期很短。但是一发情周围就很多male,这是因为female能发出一种低声波，这种声波可以在浓密的森林里面穿行而不受干扰。同时female可以用种声波召唤小象。
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