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剑桥雅思12听力原文节选：
TEST 6
SECTION 1
MAN: Good morning, Kenton Festival box office. How can I help you?
WOMAN: Oh, good morning. I’m coming to Kenton for a few days’ holiday next month, and a friend told me there’s a festival. She gave me this number to find out about it.
MAN: That’s right, the festival begins on the 16th of May and goes on till the 19th. Example
woman. Oh, that’s great. I’ll be there from the 15th till the 19th. So could you tell me the programme, please?
MAN: Well, on the first day, there’s the opening ceremony, in the town centre. People start gathering around 2 o’clock, to get a good place to see from, and the events will start Q1
at 2.45. and finish about 5.30.
WOMAN: OK, thanks. I’ll make sure I get there early to get a good spot.
MAN: The festival will be officially opened by the mayor. He’ll just speak for a few minutes, welcoming everyone to the festival. All the town councillors will be there, and of course lots of other people.
WOMAN: Right.
MAN: Then there’ll be a performance by a band. Most years we have a children’s choir, Q2
but this year the local army cadets offered to perform, and they’re very good.
WOMAN: Uhuh.
MAN: After that, a community group from the town will perform a play they’ve written Q3
themselves, just a short one. It’s about Helen Tungate. I don’t know if you’ve heard of her?
WOMAN: I certainly have. She was a scientist years ago. Q4
MAN: That’s right. She was born in Kenton exactly 100 years ago, so we’re celebrating her centenary.
WOMAN: I’m a biologist, so I’ve always been interested in her. I didn’t realise she came from Kenton.
MAN: Yes. Well, all that will take place in the afternoon, and later, as the sun sets, there’ll Q5
be a firework display. You should go to the park to watch, as you’ll get the best view from there, and the display takes place on the opposite side of the river. It’s always one of the most popular events in the festival.
WOMAN: Sounds great.
WOMAN: And what’s happening on the other days?
MAN: There are several events that go on the whole time. For example, the students of Q6
the art college have produced a number of videos, all connected with relationships between children and their grandparents.
WOMAN: That sounds interesting. It makes a change from children and parents, doesn’t it!
MAN: Exactly. Because the art college is in use for classes, throughout the festival, the. Q7
videos are being shown in Handsworth House.
WOMAN: How do you spell the name?
MAN: H-A-N-D-S-W-O-R-T-H. Handsworth House. It’s close to the Town Hall.
WOMAN: Right.
MAN: Now let me see, what else can I tell you about?
WOMAN: Are there any displays of ballet dancing? I’m particularly interested in that as I do it as a hobby.
MAN: There isn’t any ballet, I’m afraid, but there’ll be a demonstration of traditional Q8
dances from all round the country.
WOMAN: Oh, that’d be nice. Where’s that being held?
MAN: It’s in the market in the town centre - the outdoor one, not the covered market. And Q9
it’s on at 2 and 5 every afternoon of the festival, apart from the first day. woman: Lovely. I’m interested in all kinds of dancing, so I’m sure I’ll enjoy that!
MAN: Mmm. I’m sure you will.
WOMAN: And I’d really like to go to some concerts, if there are any.
MAN: Yes, there are several. Three performed by professionals, and one by local children.
WOMAN: And where is it being held?
MAN: It’s in the library, which is in Park Street. On the 18th, at 6.30 in the evening.
WOMAN: I presume I’ll need tickets for that.
MAN: Yes, you can book online, or you can buy them when you arrive in Kenton, either at Q10
the festival box office, or from any shops displaying our logo in the windows.
WOMAN: Well, I think that’ll keep me busy for the whole of my stay in Kenton. Thank you so much for all your help.
MAN: You’re welcome. I hope you enjoy your stay.
WOMAN: Thank you. Goodbye.
剑桥雅思12阅读原文内容节选：
Test8
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
The History of Glass
From our earliest origins, man has been making use of glass. Historians have discovered that a type of natural glass - obsidian - formed in places such as the mouth of a volcano as a result of the intense heat of an eruption melting sand - was first used as tips for spears. Archaeologists have even found evidence of man-made glass which dates back to 4000 BC; this took the form of glazes used for coating stone beads. It was not until 1500 BC, however, that the first hollow glass container was made by covering a sand core with a layer of molten glass.
Glass blowing became the most common way to make glass containers from the first century BC. The glass made during this time was highly coloured due to the impurities of the raw material. In the first century AD, methods of creating colourless glass were developed, which was then tinted by the addition of colouring materials. The secret of glass making was taken across Europe by the Romans during this century. However, they guarded the skills and technology required to make glass very closely, and it was not until their empire collapsed in 476 AD that glass-making knowledge became widespread throughout Europe and the Middle East. From the 10th century onwards, the Venetians gained a reputation for technical skill and artistic ability in the making of glass bottles, and many of the city’s craftsmen left Italy to set up glassworks throughout Europe.
A major milestone in the history of glass occurred with the invention of lead crystal glass by the English glass manufacturer George Ravenscroft (1632-1683). He attempted to counter the effect of clouding that sometimes occurred in blown glass by introducing lead to the raw materials used in the process. The new glass he created was softer and easier to decorate, and had a higher refractive index, adding to its brilliance and beauty, and it proved invaluable to the optical industry. It is thanks to Ravenscroft’s invention that optical lenses, astronomical telescopes, microscopes and the like became possible.
In Britain, the modem glass industry only really started to develop after the repeal of the Excise Act in 1845. Before that time, heavy taxes had been placed on the amount of glass melted in a glasshouse, and were levied continuously from 1745 to 1845. Joseph Paxton’s Crystal Palace at London’s Great Exhibition of 1851 marked the beginning of glass as a material used in the building industry. This revolutionary new building encouraged the use of glass in public, domestic and horticultural architecture. Glass manufacturing techniques also improved with the advancement of science and the development of better technology.
From 1887 onwards, glass making developed from traditional mouth-blowing to a semi-automatic process, after factory- owner HM Ashley introduced a machine capable of producing 200 bottles per hour in Castleford, Yorkshire, England - more than three times quicker than any previous production method. Then in 1907, the first fully automated machine was developed in the USA by Michael Owens - founder of the Owens Bottle Machine Company (later the major manufacturers Owens- Illinois) - and installed in its factory. Owens’ invention could produce an impressive 2,500 bottles per hour. Other developments followed rapidly, but it was not until the First World War, when Britain became cut off from essential glass suppliers, that glass became part of the scientific sector. Previous to this, glass had been seen as a craft rather than a precise science.
Today, glass making is big business. It has become a modem, hi-tech industry operating in a fiercely competitive global market where quality, design and service levels are critical to maintaining market share. Modem glass plants are capable of making millions of glass containers a day in many different colours, with green, brown and clear remaining the most popular. Few of us can imagine modem life without glass. It features in almost every aspect of our lives - in our homes, our cars and whenever we sit down to eat or drink. Glass packaging is used for many products, many beverages are sold in glass, as are numerous foodstuffs, as well as medicines and cosmetics.
Glass is an ideal material for recycling, and with growing consumer concern for green issues, glass bottles and jars are becoming ever more popular. Glass recycling is good news for the environment. It saves used glass containers being sent to landfill. As less energy is needed to melt recycled glass than to melt down raw materials, this also saves fuel and production costs. Recycling also reduces the need for raw materials to be quarried, thus saving precious resources.
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